Mechanical properties of muscles: Implications for motor control

Bizzi, Emilio; Chapple, William D.; Hogan, Neville

doi:10.1016/0166-2236(82)90221-1

Cited by 126 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All of these results are consistent with the concepts of orderly and predictable recruitment of motor unit types within a muscle or among muscles of a synergistic group in almost all phys-icaI efforts as initially described by Henneman and coworkers (1965) and discussed by Burke and Edgerton (1975) and Edgerton and co-workers (1983). Since primates are used extensively to study issues related to motor control (Bizzi et al, 1982) and gait mechanics (Kimura et al, 1979), it therefore seems that it would be beneficial to know the fiber-type arrangement in the muscles studied when trying to interpret activity patterns monitored via electromyographic techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber‐type composition of selected hindlimb muscles of a primate (cynomolgus monkey)

Acosta

Roy

1987

Anat. Rec.

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The distribution of fiber types in selected leg and thigh muscles of three male Cynomolgus monkeys were determined. Almost all fibers could be classified as fast-glycolytic (FG), fast-oxidative glycolytic (FOG), or slow-oxidative (SO) according to the qualitative histochemical staining scheme described by Peter et al. (1972). Most muscles showed regional variations in fiber-type distributions, i.e., the percent SO was higher and the percent FG was lower in the deep, compared to the superficial, regions of the muscle. Exceptions were the soleus and plantaris muscles, which contained similar distributions of fiber types throughout their cross sections. In the extensor compartment of the leg, a layering of fiber types from deep to superficial were evident in the triceps surae and plantaris complex with the deepest muscle, the soleus, having primarily SO fibers. A similar layering arrangement was observed in the extensor compartment of the thigh, with the deepest muscle, the vastus intermedius, having a much larger proportion of SO fibers than the other muscles in the quadriceps complex. These results indicate that Cynomolgus monkey hindlimb muscles, unlike human leg muscles (Saltin and Gollnick: Handbook of Physiology, L.D. Peachey, ed. American Physiological Society, MD, pp. 55-631, 1983) have a regional distribution of fiber types similar to that observed in many subprimate mammals. Further, the presence of compartmentalization of fiber types within the cross section of several of the muscles studied is suggestive of structure-function interrelationships related to motor control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber‐type composition of selected hindlimb muscles of a primate (cynomolgus monkey)

Acosta

Roy

1987

Anat. Rec.

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“…Humanoid stability is achieved by the simultaneous coactivation of agonist-antagonist pairs of actuation at least by three pairs at every joint [9]- [11]. Here we are using a natural human system as the target of study with muscles as actuators.…”

Section: Control and Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-link module for modular dynamics and control of high-dimensional humanoids

Hemami

Zheng

2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

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Modeling complicated dynamics of humanoids is considered in this paper. It is proposed that the three-link module is a pivotal element in formulation of high-dimensional humanoids. The equations of motion of the module are first derived by projection of the free body equations of motion onto the space of the translation of an arbitrary point and Bryant angles and angular velocities. It is then shown that the formulation can be used as a construction module for systems with a larger number of segments. Holonomic and nonholonomic constraints are included to show the feasibility and versatility for representing other parts of the humanoid system. Digital computer simulations are presented to test the module's formulation and demonstrate its behavior in two maneuvers, jumping and sway.

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“…Stability is achieved by the simultaneous co-activation of agonist-antagonist pairs of muscles by at least three pairs at every joint [111]- [113]. The co-activation produces sufficient position and velocity feedback to bring about stability in the vicinity of the vertical equilibrium position.…”

Section: Arm Dynamics and Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and Spinal Modules in Implementation of a Simple Ballistic Movement

Hemami¹,

Dariush²

2016

JSEA

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A simple ballistic movement and two of its attributes (namely, reversal in time and synchronization with external events) are formulated. A three-dimensional, three-link musculoskeletal arm is subjected to a fast ballistic type movement. The central components of the movement from hippocampal, cerebellar, basal ganglia and reticular formation structures that may be involved in timing are identified. The role of agonist muscles and spinal reflexes in the execution of ballistic movements (namely, in fast starts and fast stops) is discussed. The needed three time intervals are constructed in real time and can be coordinated with external events. Delaying or advancing in time, synchronization, time scaling and inverting events in time relative to the movement is formulated. Digital computer simulations are presented to test the behavior of the formulated neural and spinal processing and demonstrate the behavior of the arm under such control.

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Mechanical properties of muscles: Implications for motor control

Cited by 126 publications

References 16 publications

Fiber‐type composition of selected hindlimb muscles of a primate (cynomolgus monkey)

Fiber‐type composition of selected hindlimb muscles of a primate (cynomolgus monkey)

A three-link module for modular dynamics and control of high-dimensional humanoids

Neural and Spinal Modules in Implementation of a Simple Ballistic Movement

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