Mechanism study of alachlor biodegradation by Paecilomyces marquandii with proteomic and metabolomic methods

Abstract

Alachlor is a herbicide that is widely used worldwide to protect plant crops against broadleaf weeds and annual grasses. However, due to its endocrine-disrupting activity, its application has been banned in the European Union. As described in our earlier work, Paecilomyces marquandii is a microscopic fungus capable of alachlor removal by N-acetyl oxidation. Our current work employs proteomics and metabolomics to gain a better understanding of alachlor biodegradation by the microscopic fungus P. marquandii. The data revealed that the addition of alachlor reduced culture growth and glucose consumption rate. At the same time, the rates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increased during the initial stage of growth, and there was a shift toward the formation of supplementary materials (UDP-glucose/galactose) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (ascorbate). Proteomic analysis revealed that the xenobiotic presence resulted in a strong upregulation of enzymes related to energy, sugar metabolism and ROS production. However, the unique overexpression of cyanide hydratase in alachlor-containing cultures may implicate this enzyme as the key protein involved in the alachlor biodegradation pathway. The characterization of P. marquandii-mediated alachlor removal in terms of cell structure and function resulted in a deeper insight into microorganism strategy toward xenobiotic biodegradation.

Ametryn removal by Metarhizium brunneum: Biodegradation pathway proposal and metabolic background revealed

“…The growth rate of the tested strain in the applied liquid mineral medium is relatively slow in comparison to other fungal strains (Bernat et al, 2013;Szewczyk et al, 2015;Soboń et al, 2016). The adaptation phase lasts 5-7 days in the control and ametryn containing cultures, respectively (Fig.…”

“…Their use may minimize economic losses, and ensure the quality of crops and their protection against pests, weeds and diseases (Tejada et al, 2011;Peters et al, 2014). But, constant development of agricultural chemistry in the past decades has contributed to increasing pollution of the environment with these xenobiotics residues, especially surface water, groundwater and soil (Peters et al, 2014;Szewczyk et al, 2015;Długoński 2016). Triazines are chemical compounds belonging to the wider group of azines, characterized by a structure of a hetero-cyclic ring containing three unsaturated nitrogen atoms.…”

“…Ametryn removal by Metarhizium brunneum: biodegradation pathway proposal and metabolic background revealed. Chemosphere 190: 174-183, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017 that when microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) are exposed to xenobiotics or their metabolites, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may occur and, consequently, this may induce an oxidative stress condition (Peters et al, 2014;Szewczyk et al, 2015;Soboń et al, 2016;Bernat et al, 2014). In this study, we examined ametryn biodegradation and, via a targeted metabolomics analysis, profiled free amino acids and a few other common small molecules.…”

Copper in Wood Preservatives Delayed Wood Decomposition and Shifted Soil Fungal but Not Bacterial Community Composition

“…Moreover, members of the genus Talaromyces are potent degraders of cellulose and demonstrate high tolerance to copper (29). In addition, Paecilomyces is known to metabolize the agricultural herbicide alachlor by employing cyanide hydratase (31), which can be a highly beneficial property with respect to the potential degradation of TRIQAC. Initial wood decay and either preservative modification or degradation likely are performed by copper-tolerant members of many fungal genera, including Cryptococcus and Mortierella (Table 3).…”

Tributyltin (TBT) biodegradation induces oxidative stress of Cunninghamella echinulata

“…The sample preparation was performed according to the procedure described by Szewczyk et al (2015). Mycelium (100 mg) was placed into 2-ml Eppendorf tubes containing 1 ml of cold water and homogenized with a cold glass matrix Ø1 mm on FastPrep-24 (MP Biomedicals, USA) three times for 30 s at a velocity 4 m s -1 using a 2 min break between each homogenization in order to cool the sample; the sample was then centrifuged at 4000 g at 4°C for 10 min.…”