Mechanisms and control of pathologic bone loss in periodontitis

Aggressive Periodontitis: microbes and host response, who to blame?

“…However, studies investigating differences between AgP and CP identified no evidence of differences in the inflammatory infiltrate 68 or in the cells and processes involved, only suspecting a possibly different shift from T-cell to B-cell lesion in AgP compared with CP. 69 A compelling example of early onset periodontal destruction is given by localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), characterized by a circumpubertal onset and a strong antibody response to periodontal pathogenic bacteria. 5 LAgP affects first molars and incisors, the first teeth to erupt in the mouth at age 6-8.…”

Porphyromonas gingivalis Stimulates Bone Resorption by Enhancing RANKL (Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand) through Activation of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Osteoblasts

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 2 psoriasis arthritis, septic arthritis, reactive arthritis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, joint prosthetic loosening, and osteomyelitis are bone-related inflammatory processes associated with infiltration of a wide variety of cells involved in the innate and acquired immune responses. Breakdown of supporting tissues such as cartilage, juxta-articular bone, jaw bone, and bone retaining prosthesis and tooth implants is the reason for joint destruction and for the loosening of teeth and implants (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

“…Breakdown of supporting tissues such as cartilage, juxta-articular bone, jaw bone, and bone retaining prosthesis and tooth implants is the reason for joint destruction and for the loosening of teeth and implants (1)(2)(3)(4). Bone loss is mainly due to increased formation and activity of osteoclasts generated by fusion of hematopoietic myeloid mononuclear progenitor cells (5).…”

“…Bone loss is mainly due to increased formation and activity of osteoclasts generated by fusion of hematopoietic myeloid mononuclear progenitor cells (5). M-CSF is required for proliferation and survival of the progenitors, and the receptor activator of NF-B ligand (RANKL) is required for fusion and differentiation to osteoclasts (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) binds and neutralizes RANKL.…”

Host modulation therapy: An updated review

“…E.g., commercially available Kineret (Anakinra, Amgen), which is IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1ra). [18,19] b. Anticytokine antibodies: Few anticytokine antibodies that are recently available are: 1. TNFα receptor antagonist: Certolizumab pegol, adalimumab, golimumab, etc.…”