Mechanisms and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the adipose tissue

Moser, Jill; Emous, Marloes; Heeringa, Peter; Rodenhuis-Zybert, Izabela A.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.010

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Regarding the presence of comorbidities and reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, we found that obese subjects have a higher risk of reinfection than non-obese subjects. Obesity is an inflammatory state associated with chronic activation of the immune system, affecting proper immune functions and host defense mechanisms, leading to high complication rates in infectious diseases and higher rates of vaccine failure [42,43]. Obesity has been considered a risk factor for various infections, with post-infection complications and increased mortality from serious infections [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Importance of Comorbidities in Health Personnel against Reinfections

Vargas-De-León,

Cureño-Díaz,

Salazar

et al. 2023

Viruses

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One of the priority lines of action to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was vaccination programs for healthcare workers. However, with the emergence of highly contagious strains, such as the Omicron variant, it was necessary to know the serological status of health personnel to make decisions for the application of reinforcements. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in a Mexican hospital after six months of the administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (two doses, 4 weeks apart) and to investigate the association between comorbidities, response to the vaccine, and reinfections. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were determined using ELISA assays for 262 employees of Hospital Juárez de México with and without a history of COVID-19. A beta regression analysis was performed to study the associated comorbidities and their relationship with the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, an epidemiological follow-up was carried out to detect reinfections in this population. A significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was observed in workers with a history of COVID-19 prior to vaccination compared to those without a history of the disease (MD: 0.961 and SD: 0.049; <0.001). Beta regression showed that workers with a history of COVID-19 have greater protection compared to those without a history of the infection. Neutralizing antibodies were found to be decreased in alcoholic and diabetic subjects (80.1%). Notably, eight cases of Omicron reinfections were identified, and gender and obesity were associated with the presence of reinfections (6.41 OR; 95% BCa CI: 1.15, 105.0). The response to the vaccine was influenced by the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated comorbidities. The above highlights the importance of prioritizing this segment of the population for reinforcements in periods of less than one year to guarantee their effectiveness against new variants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Importance of Comorbidities in Health Personnel against Reinfections

Vargas-De-León,

Cureño-Díaz,

Salazar

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Patients with obesity have a greater risk of more severe courses and outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Higher AT mass may represent a mechanistic link between obesity and the adverse effects of COVID-19, particularly because SARS-CoV-2 is likely to infect AT [ 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. We therefore sought to elucidate the effects of a history of COVID-19 infection and/or vaccination on AT biology as well as serum protein profile in individuals with excessive body mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of COVID-19 on Adipose Tissue Signatures

Krupka,

Hoffmann,

Jasaszwili

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Since the emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in 2019, it has been crucial to investigate the causes of severe cases, particularly the higher rates of hospitalization and mortality in individuals with obesity. Previous findings suggest that adipocytes may play a role in adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with obesity. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination and infection on adipose tissue (AT) is currently unclear. We therefore analyzed 27 paired biopsies of visceral and subcutaneous AT from donors of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank that have been categorized into three groups (1: no infection/no vaccination; 2: no infection but vaccinated; 3: infected and vaccinated) based on COVID-19 antibodies to spike (indicating vaccination) and/or nucleocapsid proteins. We provide additional insights into the impact of COVID-19 on AT biology through a comprehensive histological transcriptome and serum proteome analysis. This study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection is associated with smaller average adipocyte size. The impact of infection on gene expression was significantly more pronounced in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and mainly due to immune system-related processes. Serum proteome analysis revealed the effects of the infection on circulating adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and carbonic anhydrase 5A (CA5A), which are all related to obesity and blood glucose abnormalities.

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