Mechanisms Controlling Corpus Luteum Function in Sheep, Cows, Nonhuman Primates, and Women Especially in Relation to the Time of Luteolysis

Auletta, Frederick J.; Flint, A. P. F.

doi:10.1210/edrv-9-1-88

Cited by 164 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…The observation that declines in prostaglandin concentrations coincide with the rise in progesterone raises three possibilities. First, in view of the established inhibitory effect of PGF 2 on ovarian progesterone synthesis (reviewed in Richardson 1986, Auletta & Flint 1988, Michael et al 1994, Olofsson & Leung 1994, the marked decline in PGF 2 production may facilitate the rise in progesterone synthesis by the luteinizing cells. Secondly, the increase in progesterone concentrations over the first 3 days in culture may suppress PGF 2 and PGE 2 output.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the production of prostaglandins and progesterone by luteinizing human granulosa cells

Fowkes

Chandras²,

Chin³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

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Luteinizing granulosa cells synthesize high concentrations of progesterone, prostaglandin (PG) E 2 and PGF 2 . The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between prostaglandin and progesterone output from human granulosa cells as they undergo functional luteinization in culture. Granulosa cells were partially purified from ovarian follicular aspirates and cultured at a density of 10 5 cells/ml in serum-supplemented DMEM:Ham's F 12 medium for 0, 1 or 2 days. Cells were then switched to serum-free medium for 24 h before measuring hormone concentrations in this spent medium by specific radioimmunoassays. Over the first 3 days in culture, PGF 2 and PGE 2 production declined progressively by up to 82 3% coincident with a 55 11% increase in progesterone output. In subsequent experiments, cells were treated for 24 h on the second day of culture with either 0·01 to 10 µM meclofenamic acid or with 10 µM and 100 µM aminoglutethimide. Meclofenamic acid inhibited synthesis of PGF 2 and PGE 2 by up to 70 9% and 64 7% respectively without affecting progesterone output. Likewise, 100 µM aminoglutethimide inhibited progesterone production by 62 6% without affecting concentrations of either PGF 2 or PGE 2 . We have concluded that the progressive decline in prostaglandin production and the rise in progesterone output from luteinizing human granulosa cells occur independently of each other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the production of prostaglandins and progesterone by luteinizing human granulosa cells

Fowkes

Chandras²,

Chin³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Progesterone stimulates secretory functions of the endometrium required for conceptus development and implantation. The pregnancy recognition signals secreted by the conceptus may be luteotrophic, if they directly maintain CL function, or antiluteolytic, if they decrease uterine release of luteolytic PGF 2a (Auletta & Flint 1988.…”

Section: Pregnancy Recognition Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment: regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and signaling in the pig

Wacławik

2011

Reproduction

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Ovarian progesterone induces essential changes leading to a temporary state of uterine receptivity for conceptus implantation. Estrogens secreted by the porcine conceptus on days 11 and 12 of pregnancy provide the initial signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy and maintenance of a functional corpus luteum (CL) for continued production of progesterone. As prostaglandins F 2a (PGF 2a ) and E 2 (PGE 2 ) exert opposing actions on the CL, a tight control over their synthesis and secretion is critical either for the initiation of luteolysis or maintenance of pregnancy. One of the supportive mechanisms by which conceptus inhibits luteolysis is changing PG synthesis in favor of luteoprotective PGE 2 . Conceptus PGE 2 could be amplified by PGE 2 feedback loop in the endometrium. In pigs, as in other species, implantation and establishment of pregnancy is associated with upregulation of expression of proinflammatory factors, which include cytokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators. The conceptus produces inflammatory mediators: interferon g and interferon d, interleukins IL1B and IL6, and PGs, which probably activate inflammatory pathways in the endometrium. The endometrium responds to these embryonic signals by enhancing further progesterone-induced uterine receptivity. Understanding the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment is required for translational research to increase reproductive efficiencies and fertility in humans and animals.

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“…PGs influence many key processes in reproduction including ovulation (Carvalho et al 1989), luteolysis (McCracken et al 1970, Auletta & Flint 1988 and parturition (Thorburn 1991, Whittle et al 2000, Challis et al 2002, Mitchell & Taggart 2009 in numerous species (Weems et al 2006, Jabbour et al 2009. It is generally accepted that the onset of labour in most mammalian species including sheep is associated with an increase in n-6-derived two-series PGs , Olson 2003, Myatt & Sun 2010 produced by the intrauterine tissues (placenta, amnion, chorion, decidua/ endometrium and myometrium) (sheep: Rice et al 1990, 1995, Thorburn 1991, McLaren et al 1996, 2000guinea pig: Welsh et al 2005;human: Slater et al 1999, Sawdy et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate prostaglandin synthesis by ovine amnion cells in vitro

Kirkup

Cheng²,

Elmes³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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Diets or supplements high in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to influence the timing of parturition. PUFAs are substrates for prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and PGs play central roles in parturition. Hence, the effects of altering PUFA composition may be mediated through alterations in the type and relative quantities of PGs synthesised. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of a range of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in vitro on PG synthesis by amnion cells of late gestation ewes. The n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6), increased synthesis of two-series PGs. Degree of stimulation induced by the n-6 PUFAs was dependent on the position of the PUFA in the PG synthetic pathway, i.e. PG production of the two-series (principally prostaglandin E 2 :PGE 2 ) increased progressively with longer chain PUFAs. Effects of n-3 PUFAs on output of PGE 2 were more modest and variable. The two shorter chain n-3 PUFAs, a-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4, n-3), induced a small but significant increase in PGE 2 output, while the longest chain n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) inhibited PGE 2 synthesis. Dihomo-g-linolenic acid (20:3, n-6), the PUFA substrate for synthesis of one-series PGs, induced an increase in PGE 1 generation and a decrease in PGE 2 and PGE 3 outputs. Hence, we have demonstrated that PUFA supplementation of ovine amnion cells in vitro affects the type and quantity of PGs synthesised.

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Mechanisms Controlling Corpus Luteum Function in Sheep, Cows, Nonhuman Primates, and Women Especially in Relation to the Time of Luteolysis

Cited by 164 publications

References 190 publications

Relationship between the production of prostaglandins and progesterone by luteinizing human granulosa cells

Relationship between the production of prostaglandins and progesterone by luteinizing human granulosa cells

Novel insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment: regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and signaling in the pig

Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate prostaglandin synthesis by ovine amnion cells in vitro

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