Mechanistic insight on the role of leukotriene receptors in ischemic–reperfusion injury

Khan, Heena; Gupta, Anjali; Singh, Thakur Gurjeet; Kaur, Amandeep

doi:10.1007/s43440-021-00258-8

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The membrane damage leads to the release of arachidonic acids and lysophospholipids; the arachidonic acids are then metabolized by cyclooxygenase to thromboxanes, prostacyclins, prostaglandins, etc. These eicosanoids promote inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple organs [76][77][78], which significantly contributes to vital organ dysfunctions (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Melatonin/pla2 Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Reíter

Sharma

Šimko

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Numerous pharmaceutical drugs have been repurposed for use as treatments for COVID-19 disease. These drugs have not consistently demonstrated high efficacy in preventing or treating this serious condition and all have side effects to differing degrees. We encourage the continued consideration of the use of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, melatonin, as a countermeasure to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. More than 140 scientific publications have identified melatonin as a likely useful agent to treat this disease. Moreover, the publications cited provide the rationale for the use of melatonin as a prophylactic agent against this condition. Melatonin has pan-antiviral effects and it diminishes the severity of viral infections and reduces the death of animals infected with numerous different viruses, including three different coronaviruses. Network analyses, which compared drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in humans, also predicted that melatonin would be the most effective agent for preventing/treating COVID-19. Finally, when seriously infected COVID-19 patients were treated with melatonin, either alone or in combination with other medications, these treatments reduced the severity of infection, lowered the death rate, and shortened the duration of hospitalization. Melatonin’s ability to arrest SARS-CoV-2 infections may reduce health care exhaustion by limiting the need for hospitalization. Importantly, melatonin has a high safety profile over a wide range of doses and lacks significant toxicity. Some molecular processes by which melatonin resists a SARS-CoV-2 infection are summarized. The authors believe that all available, potentially beneficial drugs, including melatonin, that lack toxicity should be used in pandemics such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Melatonin/pla2 Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Reíter

Sharma

Šimko

et al. 2022

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…34,136 LTs, a downstream product of AA, are usually synthesised under the catalysis of 5-LOX. 128 In liver and adipose tissue of experimentally obese mice, the expression and activity of enzymes required for LTs biosynthesis, including 5-LOX and 5-LOX-activated protein, were significantly increased. [137][138][139] This suggests that AA induces the release of large amounts of LTs through the catalysis of 5-LOX; subsequently, the AA-LTs signalling cascade activates an inflammatory response that drives NAFLD.…”

Section: Paf-aa-lts Signalling Pathway and Nafldmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This will promote the occurrence of inflammatory reactions. 128 Thus, AA is highly agonistic for LTs in platelets and multiple cellular tissues. This idea was verified by the experiments by Lecomte et al who incubated human platelets with AA, resulting in the detection of LTC4-like substances.…”

Section: Paf-mediated Cytokine Involvement In Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet-Activating Factor Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Yin

Shi

2022

DMSO

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted clinicopathological syndrome characterised by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that causes steatosis, excluding alcoholic factors. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a biologically active lipid transmitter, induces platelet activation upon binding to the PAF receptor. Recent studies have found that PAF is associated with gamma-glutamyl transferase, which is an indicator of liver disease. Moreover, PAF can stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis and cause hypertriglyceridaemia. Furthermore, the knockdown of the PAF receptor gene in the animal models of NAFLD helped reduce the inflammatory response, improve glucose homeostasis and delay the development of NAFLD. These findings suggest that PAF is associated with NAFLD development. According to reports, patients with NAFLD or animal models have marked platelet activation abnormalities, mainly manifested as enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation and altered blood rheology. Pharmacological interventions were accompanied by remission of abnormal platelet activation and significant improvement in liver function and lipids in the animal model of NAFLD. These confirm that platelet activation may accompany a critical importance in NAFLD development and progression. However, how PAFs are involved in the NAFLD signalling pathway needs further investigation. In this paper, we review the relevant literature in recent years and discuss the role played by PAF in NAFLD development. It is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of NAFLD and to find effective interventions for treatment.

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“…The damaged membrane releases arachidonic acids that are then transformed through cyclooxygenase into different eicosanoids. These eicosanoids stimulate inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple organs ( 282 , 283 ). Given the known properties of sPLA2-IIA, it may prolong and exacerbate tissue and organ damage in COVID-19.…”

Section: Potential Adverse Effects Of Melatonin In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine, is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule widely distributed in the body. It efficiently regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under various pathophysiological conditions. The melatonin rhythm, which is strongly associated with oxidative lesions and mitochondrial dysfunction, is also observed during the biological process of aging. Melatonin levels decline considerably with age and are related to numerous age-related illnesses. The signs of aging, including immune aging, increased basal inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, significant telomeric abrasion, and disrupted autophagy, contribute to the increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These characteristics can worsen the pathophysiological response of the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 and pose an additional risk of accelerating biological aging even after recovery. This review explains that the death rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases with chronic diseases and age, and the decline in melatonin levels, which is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction in the patient, affects the virus-related death rate. Further, melatonin can enhance mitochondrial function and limit virus-related diseases. Hence, melatonin supplementation in older people may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Mechanistic insight on the role of leukotriene receptors in ischemic–reperfusion injury

Cited by 41 publications

References 124 publications

Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Platelet-Activating Factor Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19

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