Media as mediators in a science-based issue: politics, foreign influence and implications on adoption of Genetically Modified Organisms in food production in Uganda

Abstract

The paper highlights the feedback loop between media, politics, foreign influence and science in relation to the adoption of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in food production in Uganda to demonstrate that socio-cultural considerations are important in the GMO science and technology debates. Based on the science-in-society model, the findings from a content analysis of newspaper articles over a four-year period, supplemented by interviews with scientists, activists from non-governmental organisations, journalists, and Members of Parliament's Science and Technology Committee, the study found that food is a politically thick issue. Both activists and scientists opportunistically use the media, the platforms where the public access and contribute content, to appeal to the politicians to legislate GMOs in their favour, arguing that the activists or the scientists' position is in the `public interest'. Often, such coverage produces a paradox for the public by accelerating uncertainty regarding the science and the products of genetic modification, especially when politicians fail to decide for fear of the political implications of their action as is the case in Uganda.

The Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: the Public’s Current Perception, the Regulatory Obstacles, and Ethical Challenges

“…A more sophisticated and culturally sensitive approach to the adoption of GM crops can be achieved through initiatives that include community leaders, appreciation and encompass local values, and encourage a collaborative dialogue between scientists and communities. 16 , 17 , 50 This investigation emphasizes how important it is to acknowledge and manage cultural differences as essential elements of the larger discourse on GM crops in Africa.…”

“…This leads to a variety of perspectives and the need for customized communication tactics. 50 , 56 Clear and easy access to information outlining the possible advantages and disadvantages of GM crops is essential for effective engagement. Initiatives promoting science literacy and understanding are essential because misinformation can lead to misconceptions.…”

“…National policies and regulatory frameworks are frequently shaped by the views of political leaders regarding GM technology. 22 , 50 , 62 The adoption of GM crops is generally supported by governments that prioritize agricultural modernization and food security, with the goal of increasing yields and addressing agricultural issues. 63 On the other hand, the government impacted by anti-GMO beliefs might implement limitations, apprehensive about possible hazards or negative public reaction toward GM crops.…”

The evolution of media reportage on GMOs in Ghana following approval of first GM crop

“…Lukanda et al 15 identifies journalists as key actors and interested parties in the controversial GMO debates, equating their role in the sector to that of scientists, multinational companies, and non-governmental organizations. The media functions at the intersection of researchers, politicians, and business interests, exerting a considerable influence on societal perceptions regarding genetic engineering, its value, and its application in society.…”

“…The impact media coverage of GMOs has on public attitude toward the technology goes a long way to help shape government policy, as public opinion can lead to increased pressure on policymakers to take a strong stance for or against imposing restrictions. 14 , 15 Media coverage can influence the political agenda, as policymakers usually seek to respond to media narratives and frame their policies in ways that resonate with the public. In 2011, stakeholders in the agricultural sector in Zambia who engaged in media discussions on GMOs failed to engage in a meaningful dialogue that would have allowed for a holistic analysis of the technology, resulting in the decision of the government to reject GM corn aid from the USA at the height of a famine that was killing many citizens.…”