Media synchronization in multimedia Web using a neuro-fuzzy framework

Multimedia group and inter-stream synchronization techniques: A comparative study

“…The initial playout instant calculation technique has been used in [2,8,9,12-14,26,29-31, 57-59,62,89]. The initial transmission instant calculation technique has been used in [2,8,9,25,29,[32][33][34]39,40,47,[57][58][59]62]. The source can also use a technique based on interleaving MDUs of different media streams in only one transport stream (as in [73,74]).…”

“…This technique is used in most of the studied solutions. The source can draw up a schedule for transmission according to deadline times [25,27,[32][33][34][57][58][59]89], but this technique is only valid for stored content transmission. We call this technique deadline-based transmission scheduling.…”

“…In our comparative study, we have also included solutions for communications for 1:n and n:m communication and added new inter-stream synchronization solutions (previous (not considered in [22]) and later ones), such as those presented in [8,[24][25][26][27][28][29]30,31] (some of them developed by the authors of this paper) [2,3,5,9,[10][11][12][13][14][15]19,; and new versions of algorithms included in the original comparative survey, such as the ones in [5,38,69,[70][71][72][73][74][75]. For example, in [69,72], the synchronization maestro scheme (SMS) for group synchronization, employed together with the virtual time rendering (VTR) media synchronization algorithm [76] has been enhanced so that the SMS scheme can be used efficiently in a P2P-based system and in a networked realtime game with collaborative work, respectively.…”

A self-adaptive bandwidth reservation scheme for sectored cellular communications

“…Neural networks and fuzzy logic have been successfully applied in many areas, such as admission and congestion control for ATM and wireless networks, multicast routing, network design and management, etc [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Moreover, there are lots of solutions on VLSI chips which allow fuzzy inferences and neural networks to be hardware-computed, and high-speed low cost neural and fuzzy chips have been introduced recently, the implementation of neural networks and fuzzy logic by hardware thus becomes feasible nowadays [23][24][25].…”

Job shop scheduling in real-time cases

“…One of the common approaches to real-time scheduling is to use of neural network (NN) [5]. There are many successful cases to show that NN has been used in real-time.…”