Medial temporal lobe default mode functioning and hippocampal structure as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: A MRI study of non-psychotic adolescent first-degree relatives

Seidman, Larry J.; Rosso, Isabelle M.; Thermenos, Heidi W.; Makris, Nikos; Juelich, Richard; Gabrieli, John D. E.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Tsuang, Ming T.; Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.011

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The absence of baseline global hippocampal volume deficits in UHR subjects observed here agrees with findings of some prior studies (Buehlmann et al , 2010; Cannon et al , 2015; Klauser et al , 2015; Schobel et al , 2013; Velakoulis et al , 2006) but not others (Dean et al , 2015; Francis et al , 2013; O'Driscoll et al , 2001; Seidman et al , 2002, 2014; Wood et al , 2010). The inconsistency of results of prior studies may be related to variability across studies in the phases at which the UHR subjects were studied, for example, some of the studies may have captured subjects during the late prodrome (when hippocampal changes may have begun or at least become detectable at a macroscopic level), while others may have assessed subjects in early prodromal stages (before measurable changes in hippocampal volumes have occurred) (Addington and Heinssen, 2012; Fusar-Poli et al , 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Progressive Decline in Hippocampal CA1 Volume in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis Who Do Not Remit: Findings from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study

Holt

Cheung

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Most individuals identified as ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis do not develop frank psychosis. They continue to exhibit subthreshold symptoms, or go on to fully remit. Prior work has shown that the volume of CA1, a subfield of the hippocampus, is selectively reduced in the early stages of schizophrenia. Here we aimed to determine whether patterns of volume change of CA1 are different in UHR individuals who do or do not achieve symptomatic remission. Structural MRI scans were acquired at baseline and at 1–2 follow-up time points (at 12-month intervals) from 147 UHR and healthy control subjects. An automated method (based on an ex vivo atlas of ultra-high-resolution hippocampal tissue) was used to delineate the hippocampal subfields. Over time, a greater decline in bilateral CA1 subfield volumes was found in the subgroup of UHR subjects whose subthreshold symptoms persisted (n=40) and also those who developed clinical psychosis (n=12), compared with UHR subjects who remitted (n=41) and healthy controls (n=54). No baseline differences in volumes of the overall hippocampus or its subfields were found among the groups. Moreover, the rate of volume decline of CA1, but not of other hippocampal subfields, in the non-remitters was associated with increasing symptom severity over time. Thus, these findings indicate that there is deterioration of CA1 volume in persistently symptomatic UHR individuals in proportion to symptomatic progression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Progressive Decline in Hippocampal CA1 Volume in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis Who Do Not Remit: Findings from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study

Holt

Cheung

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…For subjects younger than 18, legal guardians gave informed consent and the child gave assent. In prior publications, we have reported results related to prefrontal (Rosso et al, 2010) and hippocampal (Seidman et al, 2014) volumes in the same sample of subjects; FHR subjects showed smaller bilateral ventromedial prefrontal and frontal pole (Rosso et al, 2010) and left hippocampal (Seidman et al, 2014) GM volumes compared with controls. LTC volumes, however, have not been previously reported from this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…FHR studies, therefore, can be particularly valuable in shedding light on pathophysiological processes preceding psychosis onset (Seidman et al, 2003; Thermenos et al, 2013). In prior studies, we have shown that Harvard Adolescent FHR youth have smaller medial prefrontal cortical (Rosso et al, 2010) and medial temporal lobe (Seidman et al, 2014) GM volumes compared with controls. Here, we extend these findings to an examination of LTC structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia

Brent

Rosso

Thermenos

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness. Methods Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale – Third Edition and the Children’s Memory Scale – Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory. Results Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.

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“…Individuals with schizophrenia are of particular interest to the hippocampal research community due to the memory impairments characteristic of this disorder. Previous neuroimaging research has furthermore uncovered structural and functional differences (Fornara, Papagno, & Berlingeri, ; Ota et al, ; Pirnia et al, ; Ragland et al, ; Seidman et al, ) linked to hippocampus in schizophrenia. Here, MEG can be used to determine what temporal differences in neural processing might exist for those with this psychiatric condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing hippocampal dynamics with MEG: A systematic review and evidence‐based guidelines

Ruzich

Crespo-García

Dalal

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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The hippocampus, a hub of activity for a variety of important cognitive processes, is a target of increasing interest for researchers and clinicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an attractive technique for imaging spectro‐temporal aspects of function, for example, neural oscillations and network timing, especially in shallow cortical structures. However, the decrease in MEG signal‐to‐noise ratio as a function of source depth implies that the utility of MEG for investigations of deeper brain structures, including the hippocampus, is less clear. To determine whether MEG can be used to detect and localize activity from the hippocampus, we executed a systematic review of the existing literature and found successful detection of oscillatory neural activity originating in the hippocampus with MEG. Prerequisites are the use of established experimental paradigms, adequate coregistration, forward modeling, analysis methods, optimization of signal‐to‐noise ratios, and protocol trial designs that maximize contrast for hippocampal activity while minimizing those from other brain regions. While localizing activity to specific sub‐structures within the hippocampus has not been achieved, we provide recommendations for improving the reliability of such endeavors.

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Medial temporal lobe default mode functioning and hippocampal structure as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: A MRI study of non-psychotic adolescent first-degree relatives

Cited by 26 publications

References 71 publications

Progressive Decline in Hippocampal CA1 Volume in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis Who Do Not Remit: Findings from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study

Progressive Decline in Hippocampal CA1 Volume in Individuals at Ultra-High-Risk for Psychosis Who Do Not Remit: Findings from the Longitudinal Youth at Risk Study

Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia

Characterizing hippocampal dynamics with MEG: A systematic review and evidence‐based guidelines

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