Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Without Invoking Quantum Measurement

Liu, Zhi Rou; Hwang, Tzonelih

doi:10.1002/andp.201700206

Cited by 66 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Several other mediated protocols have since been introduced, mostly with the goal of providing greater efficiency (indeed, the original mediated protocol is very inefficient with many iterations being lost due to incompatible choices or measurement results), or fewer resource requirements on the users or server. In [79], a mediated SQKD protocol was proposed where classical users did not have to measure (assuming perfect qubit channels) but, instead, could choose to Reflect or Permute. This protocol also had greater efficiency than the original mediated SQKD protocol.…”

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confidence: 99%

Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols allow two parties to establish a shared secret key, secure against an all powerful adversary. This is a task impossible to achieve through classical communication only; indeed, to distribute a secret key through classical means requires one to assume computationally bounded adversaries. If, however, both parties are "quantum capable" then security may be attained assuming only that the adversary must obey the laws of physics. But "how quantum" must a protocol actually be to gain this advantage over classical communication? This is one of the questions semi-quantum cryptography seeks to answer.Semi-quantum communication, a model introduced in 2007 by M. Boyer, D. Kenigsberg, and T. Mor (PRL 99 140501), involves the use of fully-quantum users and semiquantum, or "classical" users. These classical users are only allowed to interact with the quantum channel in a limited, classical manner. Originally introduced to study the key-distribution problem, semi-quantum research has since expanded, and continues to grow, with new protocols, security proof methods, experimental implementations, and new cryptographic applications beyond key distribution. Research in the field of semi-quantum cryptography requires new insights into working with restricted protocols and, so, the tools and techniques derived in this field can translate to results in broader quantum information science. Furthermore, other questions such as the connection between quantum and classical processing, including how classical information processing can be used to counteract a quantum deficiency in a protocol, can shed light on important theoretical questions.This work surveys the history and current state-of-the-art in semi-quantum research. We discuss the model and several protocols offering the reader insight into how protocols are constructed in this realm. We discuss security proof methods and how classical post-processing can be used to counteract users' inability to perform certain quantum operations. Moving beyond key distribution, we survey current work in other * semi-quantum cryptographic protocols and current trends. We also survey recent work done in attempting to construct practical semi-quantum systems including recent experimental results in this field. Finally, as this is still a growing field, we highlight, throughout this survey, several open problems that we feel are important to investigate in the hopes that this will spur even more research in this topic.

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confidence: 99%

Semi-quantum cryptography

Iqbal

Krawec

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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“…After Krawec's MSQKD protocol, Liu et al [24] used the entanglement swapping of Bell states [37] to improve the efficiency of the MSQKD protocol. Lin et al [25] used single photons to design the MSQKD protocol to make it even more practical.…”

Section: Almost Dishonest Tpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol

2019

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The mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol is an important research issue that lets two classical participants share secret keys securely between each other with the help of a third party (TP).However, in the existing MSQKD protocols, there are two improvable issues, namely (1) the classical participants must be equipped with expensive detectors to avoid Trojan horse attacks and (2) the trustworthiness level of TP must be honest. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing MSQKD protocols can resolve both these issues. Therefore, this study takes Bell states as the quantum resource to propose a new MSQKD protocol, in which the classical participants do not need a Trojan horse detector and the TP is dishonest. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is shown to be secure against well-known attacks and the classical participants only need two quantum capabilities. Therefore, in comparison to the existing MSQKD protocols, the proposed protocol is better practical.

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“…The entangled photon system is a crucial quantum resource in quantum communication, which has many important applications in quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, [1][2][3][4] quantum secret sharing, [5] quantum dense coding, [6,7] The entangled photon system is a crucial quantum resource in quantum communication, which has many important applications in quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, [1][2][3][4] quantum secret sharing, [5] quantum dense coding, [6,7] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…">IntroductionPhoton system is one of the most interesting candidates for quantum communication with the character of manipulability, high-speed transmission, and high capacity. The entangled photon system is a crucial quantum resource in quantum communication, which has many important applications in quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, [1][2][3][4] quantum secret sharing, [5] quantum dense coding, [6,7]…”

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The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin

et al. 2019

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A linear optical unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell states is proposed for two-photon systems entangled in both the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time bin. This unambiguous discrimination scheme can completely identify 16 orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states using only linear optical elements, where the function of the auxiliary entangled Bell state is replaced by time bin. Moreover, the possibility of extending this scheme for distinguishing hyperentangled Bell states in n DOFs is discussed, and it shows that 2 n+k+1 hyperentangled Bell states in n (n ≥ 2) DOFs can be distinguished with k (k < n) auxiliary entangled states of additional DOFs by introducing a time delay, which decreases the auxiliary entanglement resource required for unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell state. Therefore, this scheme provides a new way for distinguishing hyperentangled states with current technology, which will extend the application of discrimination of hyperentangled states via linear optics to other quantum information protocols besides hyperdense coding schemes in the future. IntroductionPhoton system is one of the most interesting candidates for quantum communication with the character of manipulability, high-speed transmission, and high capacity. The entangled photon system is a crucial quantum resource in quantum communication, which has many important applications in quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, [1][2][3][4] quantum secret sharing, [5] quantum dense coding, [6,7] quantumThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Mediated Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Without Invoking Quantum Measurement

Cited by 66 publications

References 47 publications

Semi-quantum cryptography

Semi-quantum cryptography

Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol

The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin

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