Medical Bacteriology

Hall, Geraldine S.; Woods, Gail L.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0974-2.00057-9

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The samples were sent to the laboratory under sterile conditions, and after inoculation in eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar culture media for 24 to 48 h, they were incubated at 37 °C and examined for growth. Identification of contaminating agents was performed by gram staining and standard biochemical tests such as indole, methyl red, voges proskauer, citrate (IMViC), triple sugar iron (TSI), oxidative fermentative (OF), oxidase, catalase, ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG), urea agar, lysine, ornithine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, and arginine hydrolase [ 9 , 6 ]. All culture media and consumables were purchased from Merck Co., Germany.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment and surfaces in hospital wards of Golestan province, North of Iran

Ayatollahi

Amini

Rahimi

et al. 2017

EuJMI

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Nosocomial infections are one of the most common causes of death in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment in hospital wards of the Golestan province, in the year 2015. In this cross-sectional study in 2015, 1980 samples from medical and nonmedical equipment and surfaces were collected from the wards of 13 teaching hospitals, in the Golestan province. Samples were inoculated into eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar culture media and isolated colonies were identified by standard biochemical tests. The obtained results were then analyzed using SPSS 22 software and χ2 test. Among 1980 isolated samples, 601 samples (30.35%) were infected with gram-negative bacilli while Enterobacter aerogenes (37.27%) was responsible for most of the contaminations. The highest rate of infection was observed in the intensive care unit (33.1%), and the highest level of contamination in the medical equipment was associated with laryngoscope and its blade (10.48%), as well as ECG sensor and its monitoring connector (6.65%). Meanwhile, phone (6.32%) and patients’ beds and linen (5.15%) had the highest level of contamination in the nonmedical equipment. Considering the high rates of gram-negative bacilli contamination in the hospital wards of the Golestan province, thorough hand washing as the main action for disinfection and sterilizing the equipment, as well as performing periodic cultivation alongside the use of standard guidelines for prevention and control of nosocomial infections, are recommended to reduce the level of contamination.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment and surfaces in hospital wards of Golestan province, North of Iran

Ayatollahi

Amini

Rahimi

et al. 2017

EuJMI

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“…While positive blood cultures served as the basis for diagnosis in many cases, a significant proportion of cases, including our case, yielded negative blood cultures [ 12 , 16 - 18 ]. The microbiology laboratory should be notified if RBF is suspected as S. moniliformis is a fastidious organism that grows slowly and requires microaerophilic conditions and special and enriched media for culture [ 4 ]. In such instances, the diagnosis required PCR and/or rRNA sequencing, which is usually more sensitive than culture or Gram stain [ 12 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. moniliformis , a fastidious gram-negative bacillus, is the most common cause of RBF in North America and Europe, whereas S. minus and S. notomytis infections are more prevalent in Asia [ 1 , 2 ]. The disease is transmitted through rodent bites or consumption of contaminated food or water, with an average incubation period of five days [ 3 , 4 ]. RBF typically presents as a triad of fever, arthritis, and rash, with the morphology of the rash being highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat-Bite Fever in a 34-Year-Old Female

Mohamed,

Albahra,

Haley

2023

Cureus

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Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a rare systemic infectious disease caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , Spirillum minus , or Streptobacillus notomytis . As the name implies, the disease is typically transmitted by a rat bite. RBF usually presents as a combination of fever, arthritis, and rash. Definitive diagnosis of RBF may prove difficult, as the responsible bacteria are not easily identified with standard testing. We describe a case of RBF in a 34-year-old female who presented with fever, chills, polyarthralgia, and skin rash following a rat bite. Initial vital signs were remarkable for fever and tachycardia. Physical examination revealed an erythematous vesicular and papular rash involving her extremities, buttocks, and oral mucosa. Blood cultures were negative. A skin biopsy revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and was negative for Gram stain. Further analysis using specialized immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified S. moniliformis . A diagnosis of RBF was made, and the patient was successfully treated with a two-week course of doxycycline.

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“…coli. The plates are allowed to incubate for 18 to 24 hours at 35 Celsius and then examined for the presence of bacterial colonies (Hall & Woods, 2007). This incubation period may be repeated to allow for the growth of slow-growing microorganisms.…”

Section: Uropathogen Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The laboratory procedure for culturing these samples was as follows (Hall & Woods, 2007): o Place 100 microliters from the 10 2 dilution tube onto a BAP and 100 microliters onto an EMB plate. Spread with a "hocket stick.…”

Section: Quantitative Urine Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reliability and diagnostic validity of clinical manifestations of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized adults

Blodgett¹

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is a common clinical condition among hospitalized patients with numerous health and economic implications. With judicious use of indwelling urinary catheters, along with strict adherence to basic infection prevention measures, such as hand hygiene and aseptic technique during catheter insertion, these infections are most often preventable. However, these devices continue to be used inappropriately or unnecessarily, which has led the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and numerous infectious disease professional societies to focus attention on how these infections can be diagnosed, prevented, and managed. Despite these efforts, consensus on how best to identify cases of CAUTI has been elusive.Perhaps the most widely used guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CAUTI are those published in 2010 in the American Journal of Infection Control by Hooton and colleagues. These authors are very clear that CAUTI is a problem if, and only if, it is associated with clinical manifestations; the presence of urinary microorganisms alone is not a clear indication for antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, these authors provide a list of accepted clinical manifestations of CAUTI, which are substantially different from those in previous guidelines. Among others, the manifestations listed include: fever, suprapubic tenderness, flank tenderness, and delirium. However, these are supported by expert opinion only, and neither their diagnostic validity nor their inter-rater reliability have been reported in the literature.The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of methods to examine the diagnostic validity and inter-rater reliability of fever, suprapubic tenderness, flank 2 tenderness, and delirium in hospitalized adult with an indwelling urinary catheter.Briefly, these clinical manifestations were compared against three diagnostic criteria for CAUTI based on microbiologic and molecular methods, and their inter-rater reliability was examined using assessments conducted by three advanced practice nurses.Because significant microbial growth was only present in two urine samples, the diagnostic validity of these manifestations could not be established. However, it was possible to examine the inter-rater reliability of these manifestations. To summarize these findings, the nurse raters were in perfect agreement with the identification of fever, moderate agreement with the identification of delirium, and fair agreement with the identification of suprapubic tenderness and flank tenderness. With the exception of flank tenderness, these findings are statistically significant, and they provide evidence that nurses can consistently identify the presence and absence of fever, suprapubic tenderness, and delirium in hospitalized patients with indwelling urinary catheters. This study provided preliminary findings that support the need for further investigation of the diagnostic validity of clinical manifestations o...

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Medical Bacteriology

Cited by 3 publications

References 134 publications

Prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment and surfaces in hospital wards of Golestan province, North of Iran

Prevalence of gram-negative bacilli isolated from the equipment and surfaces in hospital wards of Golestan province, North of Iran

Rat-Bite Fever in a 34-Year-Old Female

The reliability and diagnostic validity of clinical manifestations of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized adults

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