Medical Students’ Attention to Multiple Risk Behaviors: A Standardized Patient Examination

Prochaska, Judith J.; Gali, Kathleen; Miller, Bernie W.; Hauer, Karen E.

doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1953-9

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Of the studies sampled, 13 RCTs provided data for meta-analysis. Data from the 15 RCTs [91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105] where statistical pooling and meta-analysis were not possible will be reported in a subsequent qualitative analysis. The 28 studies represented five countries: The United States of America (21/28, 78.3%); Switzerland (2/28, 8.7%); Australia (3/28, 4.3%); Denmark (1/28, 4.3%); and Germany (1/28, 4.3%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study (3%), the institute of learning included university plus associate and diploma schools of nursing [103]. Student populations included undergraduate medical students [82,92,95,96,97,98,99,102,104], dental students [76,80], dental hygiene students [86,87], and nursing students [83,100,103]. Carpenter et al [77] studied groups of students.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students’ Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Hyndman

Schira

Bradley³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of tobacco dependence education versus usual or no tobacco dependence education on entry-level health professional student practice and client smoking cessation. Sixteen published databases, seven grey literature databases/websites, publishers’ websites, books, and pertinent reference lists were searched. Studies from 16 health professional programs yielded 28 RCTs with data on 4343 healthcare students and 3122 patients. Two researchers independently assessed articles and abstracted data about student knowledge, self-efficacy, performance of tobacco cessation interventions, and patient smoking cessation. All forms of tobacco were included. We did not find separate interventions for different kinds of tobacco such as pipes or flavoured tobacco. We computed effect sizes using a random-effects model and applied meta-analytic procedures to 13 RCTs that provided data for meta-analysis. Students’ counseling skills increased significantly following the 5As model (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI 0.07, 1.98; p < 0.00001, I2 94%; p = 0.04) or motivational interviewing approach (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.59, 1.21; p = 0.68, I2 0%; p < 0.00001). With tobacco dependence counseling, 78 more patients per 1000 (than control) reported quitting at 6 months (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.49, 2.74, I2 = 0%, p = 0.76; p < 0.00001), although the strength of evidence was moderate or low. Student tobacco cessation counseling improved guided by the above models, active learning strategies, and practice with standardized patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students’ Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Hyndman

Schira

Bradley³

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In particular, standardized patients are commonly used to develop and assess communication training that includes skills in relationship building, patient assessment and behavior change [18-21,30]. To our knowledge educational initiatives to reduce stigma have not been addressed using a SP encounter.…”

Section: Discussion and Conlusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An obesity educational intervention for medical students addressing weight bias and communication skills using standardized patients

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn order to manage the increasing worldwide problem of obesity, medical students will need to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to assess and counsel patients with obesity. Few educational intervention studies have been conducted with medical students addressing stigma and communication skills with patients who are overweight or obese. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in students' attitudes and beliefs about obesity, and their confidence in communication skills after a structured educational intervention that included a clinical encounter with an overweight standardized patient (SP).MethodsFirst year medical students (n = 127, 47% female) enrolled in a communications unit were instructed to discuss the SPs' overweight status and probe about their perceptions of being overweight during an 8 minute encounter. Prior to the session, students were asked to read two articles on communication and stigma as background information. Reflections on the readings and their performance with the SP were conducted prior to and after the encounter when students met in small groups. A newly constructed 16 item questionnaire was completed before, immediately after and one year after the session. Scale analysis was performed based on a priori classification of item intent.ResultsThree scales emerged from the questionnaire: negative obesity stereotyping (7 items), empathy (3 items), and counseling confidence (3 items). There were small but significant immediate post-intervention improvements in stereotyping (p = .002) and empathy (p < .0001) and a very large mean improvement in confidence (p < .0001). Significant improvement between baseline and immediate follow-up responses were maintained for empathy and counseling at one year after the encounter but stereotyping reverted to the baseline mean. Percent of students with improved scale scores immediately and at one year follow up were as follows: stereotyping 53.1% and 57.8%; empathy 48.4% and 47.7%; and confidence 86.7% and 85.9%.ConclusionsA structured encounter with an overweight SP was associated with a significant short-term decrease in negative stereotyping, and longer-term increase in empathy and raised confidence among first year medical students toward persons who are obese. The encounter was most effective for increasing confidence in counseling skills.

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“…; ФЖЕЛ; ОФВ 1 ) в целом закономерно коррелировали с антропометрическими данными, что объясняется ежегодным ростом ПСВ у молодых людей этого возраста и большими физиологически ми значениями ПСВ у мужчин. У курильщиков фак тор курения, стаж, интенсивность курения и индекс курения достоверно коррелировали с антропометри ческими тестами (ростом и весом и ИМТ), что сви детельствует о том, что к табакокурению изначально склонны более здоровые молодые люди, что под тверждается и литературными данными [12,13].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…В табл. 3 значения СККДФ для проанализированных тестовых параметров ука заны в порядке убывания степени их информатив ности [12][13][14]. С помощью ROC анализа с построе нием кривой ROC и анализом площади под кривой (AUROC), была определена чувствительность и спе цифичность использованных тестовых параметров.…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Estimation of prevalence and tobacco smoking among Samara students

Mokina¹,

Berezin²,

Сахарова³

et al. 2012

Pulʹmonologiâ (Mosk.)

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SummaryAmong students of four Samara high schools aged 17-27 years tobacco smoking prevalence and status were analyzed by means of a specially devel oped 13 point questionnaire. In general, 37 % of students (59 % of males and 15 % of females) were smokers. The most prevalent smoking duration was 4-7 years. A high risk group consisted of young persons of 22 years old irrespectively of gender with the highest number (68 %) of smokers. Healthy young people were more disposed to tobacco smoking. The most informative test parameters with the highest sensitivity and specificity were: smoking habit, PEF, duration of smoking, intensity of smoking, smoking index. The results of the study led to development of recommendations for regional preventive medical centers. Key words: tobacco smoke, young people, duration of smoking, intensity of smoking, smoking index. РезюмеБыла проанализирована распространенность табакокурения среди студентов 4 самарских вузов (возраст -17-27 лет). Особенности статуса курильщика уточнены с помощью специально разработанного вопросника, содержащего набор из 13 тестовых вопросов. Установлено, что в целом курят 37 % студентов (59 % мужчин и 15 % женщин). Наиболее распространенный стаж курения -от 4 до 7 лет. "Группу высокого риска" составляют молодые люди (независимо от пола) в возрасте 22 лет -среди них отмечается наибольшее число курящих (68 %). Показано, что к табакокурению изначально склонны более здоровые молодые люди. Наиболее информативными тестовыми параметрами, обладающими наивысшей чувствительностью и специфичностью, были фактор курения, абсолютное значение пиковой скорости выдоха, стаж курения, интенсивность курения, индекс курильщика. По результатам проведенных исследований сформулированы рекомендации для центров профилактики в регионе. Ключевые слова: табакокурение, молодежь, фактор курения, стаж курения, индекс курильщика.

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Medical Students’ Attention to Multiple Risk Behaviors: A Standardized Patient Examination

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students’ Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students’ Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

An obesity educational intervention for medical students addressing weight bias and communication skills using standardized patients

Estimation of prevalence and tobacco smoking among Samara students

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