Medicines for sea lice

Grant, Andrew

doi:10.1002/ps.481

Cited by 82 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An accurate counting method is a key initial component in developing an understanding of the effects and management of L. bidyana in aquaculture. The initial benefit to industry will be reducing the chance of overestimation of intensity that can result in premature use of treatments leading to increased cost and increased stress to fish (Grant 2002), and likelihood of emergence of resistance (Umeda et al 2006), or of underestimation of intensity, causing an increased likelihood of the farmed fish being negatively affected by their L. bidyana load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host impact of monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana infection and intensity estimates for onsite monitoring

Forwood¹,

Harris²,

Deveney³

2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We developed a rapid effective method for accurate estimation of intensity for the monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana, a gill parasite of silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus. This parasite requires monitoring because high-intensity infections reduce host growth and can lead to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. The most accurate method for counting L. bidyana was visual examination of fresh gills. There was a significant relationship between fish size and parasite intensity; however, there was no significant relationship between fish condition and parasite intensity. Parasite intensity estimates were generated by using the mean intensity of worms on the posterior hemibranch on the first left gill arch, compared to the total mean intensity of worms on all hemibranchs. Estimates were validated by predicting L. bidyana intensity from a random sample of silver perch obtained from aquaculture ponds. Parasite intensity estimates correlated strongly to real counts, and this method can be used to accurately predict parasite intensity on an individual host, and thus represents an improvement over previous methods. KEY WORDS: Monogenea · Bidyanus bidyanus · Lepidotrema bidyana · Prevalence · Intensity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 100: [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] 2012 tions. Extrinsic influences include interspecific competition, predation, hyperparasitism and re inforcement of interspecific reproductive barriers (Rohde 1979). The main intrinsic influence is enhance ment of mating success (Rohde 1991, 1993, Geets et al. 1997.In aquaculture, parasite management systems rely on accurate monitoring methods specific to the target species (Grant 1983). When developing specific counting methods, non-random parasite distributions must be considered. Rowland et al. (2006b) monitored Lepidotrema bidyana by sampling 5 Bidyanus bidyanus fish from each treated pond, re moving the anterior-most left gill arch from each fish, examining that arch at 100× magnification, counting the number of parasites in 5 fields of view and reporting the prevalence and mean number of parasites per field of view. Which part or side of the gill should be examined was not specified (Rowland et al. 2006b). Field veterinarians expressed doubt that the method provided accurate intensity estimates. We evaluated this current counting method, and developed a new method to more accurately estimate L. bidyana intensity on an individual host. This method will aid onsite monitoring and research on treatments, and provides information on the relationships between intensity and host growth and condition. We also investigated the relationship between parasite intensity and fish size, and the effect that parasite intensity has on the condition of the host. MATERIALS AND METHODS Source of fish and parasitesSilver perch (n = 660) infected with Lepidotrema bidyana from Pioneer Fish Farm (PFF) (Gloucester, NSW) were maintained in a 10 000 l recirculation tank at Flinders University, South Australia ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host impact of monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana infection and intensity estimates for onsite monitoring

Forwood¹,

Harris²,

Deveney³

2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) has recently received considerable attention for its effective use of numerous external pathogens to fish. Hydrogen peroxide, 35% (PEROX-AID®) has been used in aquaculture with bath treatment for external parasites, bacteria and fungus in different species and ages of fish (Kiemer and Black, 1997;Treasurer and Grant, 1997;McAndrew et al, 1998;Treasurer et al, 2000;Grant, 2002). Moreover, hydrogen peroxide is friendly to the water environment, as it decomposes into water and oxygen (Kiemer and Black, 1997).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tenacibaculosis in aquaculture farmed marine fish

GOURZIOTI

Kolygas

Athanassopoulou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Tenacibaculosis is a limiting factor of the culture of many farmed marine fish worldwide. In marine fish species, the main etiological agent of the disease is the bacterium Tenacibaculum maritinun. The disease is responsible for high mortalities in intensive aquaculture farms. The infection can cause external pathological signs and lesions to the fish, such as ulcers, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions on the skin, fins and tail, hemorrhagic stomatitis and corrosion of the tail and fins. In the present review information is provided regarding Tenacibaculum maritinun strains that infect farmed marine fish, the disease, the causative agent, host species, clinical symptoms, methods of diagnosis, pathogenesis of infection, the treatment and prevention of the disease.Keywords: aquaculture, farmed marine fish, Tenacibaculosis, Tenacibaculum maritinun ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ. Η μυξοβακτηριδίαση αποτελεί περιοριστικό παράγοντα εκτροφής πολλών θαλασσινών ψαριών παγκοσμίως. Στα θαλασσινά είδη ψαριών, το κύριο αίτιο της νόσου είναι το βακτήριο Tenacibaculum maritinun. Η νόσος, είναι υπεύθυνη για μεγάλες θνησιμότητες στις εντατικές ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες. Η μόλυνση μπορεί να προκαλέσει εξωτερικά παθολογικά συμπτώματα και αλλοιώσεις στα ψάρια, όπως έλκη, αιμορραγικές και νεκρωτικές αλλοιώσεις στο δέρμα, πτερύγια και ουρά, αιμορραγική στοματίτιδα και διάβρωση της ουράς και των πτερυγίων. Στην παρούσα ανασκόπηση αναφέρονται πληροφορίες για τα στελέχη Tenacibaculum maritinun που προσβάλλουν εκτρεφόμενα ψάρια του θαλασσινού νερού, για την νόσο, τον αιτιολογικό παράγοντα, τους ξενιστές, την κλινική εικόνα, τις μεθόδους διάγνωσης, την παθογένεια της μόλυνσης, την θεραπεία και την πρόληψη της νόσου.

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“…Sea lice control is carried out largely using a variety of medicines (Grant 2002), although other methods, such as the use of cleaner fish, are also applied (Treasurer 2002). The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) collects data on the biomass of fish in marine sites and the monthly doses of treatments used to control sea lice as a part of its regulatory function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment rates for sea lice of Scottish inshore marine salmon farms depend on local (sea loch) farmed salmon biomass and oceanography

Murray¹,

Hall²

2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Sea lice are the most damaging parasite of marine-farmed salmon. Lice are controlled largely by using medicines. Discharge consents limit the allowed medicine use and hence biomass of salmon that can be farmed. The local environment may be expected to play a role in determining the frequency of application of these medicines on specific salmon farm sites. To assess this, we used data collected by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency on lice treatments and fish biomasses from 2005 to 2012 for salmon farm sites located within sea lochs (offshore sites are not included), together with local hydrographic data. There was relatively little variation in treatment rates between different sites within a loch, so a loch (or larger unit) is the appropriate area for analysis of factors influencing these treatment rates. Treatment rates tended to increase with the loch's total biomass of farmed salmon. Dependence of treatment rate on loch flushing time was highly significant in all regions; however, dependence was positive in the Northern and Western Isles but negative in mainland Scotland. A possible explanation is flushing of lice away from island sea lochs but into mainland sea lochs, in line with prevailing currents. Regional variation in dependence suggests that oceanographic processes at larger spatial scales play a significant role in determining lice dynamics.

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Medicines for sea lice

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Host impact of monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana infection and intensity estimates for onsite monitoring

Host impact of monogenean Lepidotrema bidyana infection and intensity estimates for onsite monitoring

Tenacibaculosis in aquaculture farmed marine fish

Treatment rates for sea lice of Scottish inshore marine salmon farms depend on local (sea loch) farmed salmon biomass and oceanography

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