Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline

Liu, Xiaoran; Morris, Martha Clare; Dhana, Klodian; Ventrelle, Jennifer; Johnson, Kathleen A.; Bishop, Louise M.; Hollings, Chiquia S.; Boulin, Adrianna; Laranjo, Nancy; Stubbs, Benjamin J.; Reilly, Xavier; Carey, Vincent J.; Wang, Yamin; Furtado, Jeremy; Marcovina, Santica M.; Tangney, Christy; Aggarwal, Neelum T.; Arfanakis, Konstantinos; Sacks, Frank M.; Barnes, Lisa L.

doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106270

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…To narrow the volume of publications, the terms “and systematic review or meta-analysis” were added. The search yielded three systematic reviews [ 2 , 30 , 59 ]. Combined, these three systematic reviews provided 140 papers that were identified from these databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined, these three systematic reviews provided 140 papers that were identified from these databases: PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. An additional search performed to find relevant papers published since 2019 yielded one additional RCT [ 2 ], which is still underway.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section provides specific recommendations for future explanatory RCTs, drawing upon an example of an RCT underway at Rush Medical Center [ 2 ]. The study is a three-year RCT designed to test the effects of the MIND dietary pattern on the cognitive function of 604 men and women, 65–84 years old, cognitively unimpaired, and overweight, with suboptimal diets.…”

Section: Beyond Study Limitations To Practical Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use a combination of 24HRs and FFQs. The Rush RCT [ 2 ] combines both measures and applies these at baseline and at months 6, 12, 24, and 36. This combination of both measures across all test intervals is designed to allow for more accurate intake of dietary components.…”

Section: Beyond Study Limitations To Practical Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are now the seventh leading cause of death in the world [ 1 ]. AD is a disease with no cures or therapies to reduce its progression and symptoms once they start [ 2 ]. Currently, more than six million Americans are living with AD, and this number is expected to reach nearly 13 million by 2050 at an annual cost of $1.1 trillion [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review of the Study of Neuroprotective Diets to Reduce Cognitive Decline

Duplantier

Gardner

2021

Nutrients

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are now the seventh leading cause of death in the world and are projected to affect 115.4 million people by 2050. Delaying the onset of AD by just five years is estimated to reduce the cost and prevalence of the disease by half. There is no cure for AD nor any drug therapies to halt its progression once the disease begins. Lifestyle choices including diet are being seen as a viable complementary therapy to reduce cognitive decline, the hallmark of AD. Mediterranean, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), and MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diets have biological mechanisms supporting their potential neuroprotective benefits, but the findings of study outcomes about these benefits have been inconsistent. This paper analyzed five Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) (from 2000 to 2021) and 27 observational studies (from 2010 to 2021) focused on the link between cognitive health and the Mediterranean/DASH/MIND diets to identify gaps and challenges that could lead to inconsistent results. These include a lack of accuracy in assessing food intake, multiple dietary pattern scoring systems, a shifting metric among studies focused on the Mediterranean diet, a lack of standards in the tools used to assess cognitive decline, and studies that were underpowered or had follow-up periods too short to detect cognitive change. Insights from these gaps and challenges are summarized in recommendations for future RCTs, including both pragmatic and explanatory RCTs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beyond Study Limitations To Practical Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beyond Study Limitations To Practical Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Review of the Study of Neuroprotective Diets to Reduce Cognitive Decline

Duplantier

Gardner

2021

Nutrients

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Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet With the Risk of Dementia

et al. 2023

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ImportanceDementia threatens the well-being of older adults, making efforts toward prevention of great importance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of the Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with the risk of dementia in 3 prospective studies and a meta-analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort analyses included the Whitehall II study (WII), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort (FOS), and the meta-analysis included 11 cohort studies. Participants were middle-aged and older women and men from WII in 2002 to 2004, HRS in 2013, and FOS in 1998 to 2001 without dementia at the study baseline. Data were analyzed from May 25 to September 1, 2022.ExposuresMIND diet score was measured using food frequency questionnaires, and scores ranged from 0 to 15, with a higher score indicating higher adherence to the MIND diet.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncident all-cause dementia, with cohort-specific definitions.ResultsIncluded in this study were 8358 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.2 [6.0] years; 5777 male [69.1%]) from WII, 6758 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.5 [10.4] years; 3965 female [58.7%]) from HRS, and 3020 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.2 [9.1] years; 1648 female [54.6%]) from FOS. The mean (SD) baseline MIND diet score was 8.3 (1.4) in WII, 7.1 (1.9) in HRS, and 8.1 (1.6) in FOS. Over 166 516 person-years, a total of 775 participants (220 in WII, 338 in HRS, and 217 in FOS) developed incident dementia. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, higher MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia (pooled hazard ratio [HR] for every 3-point increment, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.95; P for trend = .01; I2 = 0%). The associations were consistently observed in subgroups defined by sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index. In the meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies with 224 049 participants (5279 incident dementia cases), the highest tertile of MIND diet score was associated with lower risk of dementia compared with the lowest tertile (pooled HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.90; I2 = 35%).Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that adherence to the MIND diet was associated with lower risk of incident dementia in middle-aged and older adults. Further studies are warranted to develop and refine the specific MIND diet for different populations.

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The Med Diet Compared to Other Mainstream Diets

2022

Implementing the Mediterranean Diet

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Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline

Cited by 80 publications

References 58 publications

A Critical Review of the Study of Neuroprotective Diets to Reduce Cognitive Decline

A Critical Review of the Study of Neuroprotective Diets to Reduce Cognitive Decline

Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet With the Risk of Dementia

The Med Diet Compared to Other Mainstream Diets

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