Mediterranean Stone Pine: Botany and Horticulture

Mutke, Sven; Calama, Rafael; González‐Martínez, Santiago C.; Montero, Gregorio; Gordo, F.J.; Bono, David de; Gil, Luís

doi:10.1002/9781118100592.ch4

Cited by 66 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In the last decades, a huge effort has been carried out in Spain, Turkey and Portugal aiming to the domestication of the species, by means of intensive plantation, reproductive propagation by grafting of selected clones for cone production (Mutke, 2013) and application of irrigation and fertilization techniques . However, the main part of the cones collected and marketed are still cropped from trees growing on natural forests or mature afforestations (Mutke et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced tools for predicting annual stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone production at tree and forest scale in Inner Spain

Calama

Gordo²,

Madrigal

et al. 2016

For. syst.

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Aim of the study: To present a new spatiotemporal model for Pinus pinea L. annual cone production with validity for Spanish Northen Plateau and Central Range regions. The new model aims to deal with detected deficiencies in previous models: temporal shortage, overestimation of cone production on recent years, incompatibility with data from National Forest Inventory, difficulty for upscaling and ignorance of the inhibitory process due to resource depletion.Area of study: Spanish Northern Plateau and Central Range regions, covering an area where stone pine occupies more than 90,000 ha.Material and methods: Fitting data set include 190 plots and more than 1000 trees were cone production has been annually collected from 1996 to 2014. Models were fitted independently for each region, by means of zero-inflated log normal techniques. Validation of the models was carried out over the annual series of cone production at forest scale.Results: The spatial and temporal factors influencing cone production are similar in both regions, thus the main regional differences in cone yield are related with differences in the phenological timing, the intensity of the influent factors and forest intrinsic conditions. A significant inhibition of floral induction by resource depletion was detected and included into the model. Upscaling the model results in accurate prediction at forest scale.Research highlights:[1] The new model for annual cone production surpass the detected deficiencies of previous models, accurately predicting recent decay in cone production; [2] Regional differences in cone production are due to phenological and seasonal climatic differences rather than to between provenances genetic differences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced tools for predicting annual stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone production at tree and forest scale in Inner Spain

Calama

Gordo²,

Madrigal

et al. 2016

For. syst.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are mainly imported from China, Spain, Italy and Turkey [17]. China and Pakistan have become main exporters over the past decade to meet world demand [8,12].…”

Section: Production and Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some parts of the world, pine trees are mainly intended to better meet local consumption [8]. However, pine nuts might cause problems out of their native region.…”

Section: Pine Nut Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the international collection of food standards 'Codex Alimentarius' has categorized pine nuts in TN 0673 since 1993 [8], a clear system is still lacking for classifying the most important commercial species of pine nuts.…”

Section: Pine Nut Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of ecological and silvicultural research has been focused on P. pinea [8,[20][21][22]. It has been stated that in some rain-fed areas (i.e., Mediterranean areas) gathering of cones containing pine nuts yields a much better income in a short period than harvesting wood after long rotations [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development

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Pettenella

2017

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Pine nuts are non-wood forest products (NWFP) with a constantly growing market notwithstanding a series of phytosanitary issues and related trade problems. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the relationship between phytosanitary problems and trade development. Production and trade of pine nuts in Mediterranean Europe have been negatively affected by the spreading of Diplodia sapinea (a fungus) associated with an adventive insect Leptoglossus occidentalis (fungal vector), with impacts on forest management, production and profitability and thus in value chain organization. Reduced availability of domestic production in markets with a growing demand has stimulated the import of pine nuts. China has become a leading exporter of pine nuts, but its export is affected by a symptom caused by the nuts of some pine species: 'pine nut syndrome' (PNS). Most of the studies mentioned in the literature review concern PNS occurrence associated with the nuts of Pinus armandii. We highlight the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the pine nuts value chain organization, where research on food properties and clinical toxicology may be connected to breeding and forest management, forest pathology and entomology, and trade development.

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Pinus pinea

Lim¹

2012

Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants

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Mediterranean Stone Pine: Botany and Horticulture

Cited by 66 publications

References 60 publications

Enhanced tools for predicting annual stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone production at tree and forest scale in Inner Spain

Enhanced tools for predicting annual stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone production at tree and forest scale in Inner Spain

Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development

Pinus pinea

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