Mediterranean-Style Diet for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cochrane Review

Rees, Karen; Takeda, Andrea; Martin, Nicole; Ellis, Leila; Wijesekara, Dilini; Vepa, Abhinav; Das, Archik; Hartley, Louise; Stranges, Saverio

doi:10.5334/gh.853

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The Mediterranean diet (MD) is typically high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, weekly intake of fish, poultry, eggs, and moderate dairy products, but limits intake of red meat. It is regarded as a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern and is associated with reduced risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 249 and may have protective effects against COVID‐19. As shown in several surveys on changes in eating habits during the pandemic, the adherence to MD increased in some individuals 250–252 .…”

Section: Diet and Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Gao

Ding

Dong

et al. 2020

Allergy

1,166

864

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID‐19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders, thoromboembolism. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID‐19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6), and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID‐19.

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Section: Diet and Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Gao

Ding

Dong

et al. 2020

Allergy

1,166

864

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Like physical activity, eating a heart-healthy diet plays an important role in managing cardiovascular risk. The MeDi has been linked to beneficial effects on hypertension, DM, obesity, and hyperlipidemia [ 170 ]. Additionally, there is evidence that these diets boost cognition and reduce risk of dementia by decreasing vascular inflammation, white matter changes, and Aβ and tau pathology [ 171, 172 ].…”

Section: Promoting Successful Cognitive Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update

Krivanek

Gale

McFeeley

et al. 2021

JAD

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A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.

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“…A Mediterranean dietary pattern has long been associated with a lower incidence of CVD in the general population [6]. Notwithstanding, a recent systematic review and metaanalysis [32] concluded that there is still some uncertainty regarding the effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on CVD and cardiometabolic risk factors for both primary and secondary CVD prevention. Therefore, it is clinically relevant to determine the appropriate degree of adherence in which the aforementioned cardiovascular protection could be reached in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the degree of adherence to the mediterranean diet and its components on cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy. The GESTAFIT project

Flor‐Alemany

Acosta

Marín-Jiménez

et al. 2021

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background and aims: Studies regarding dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk markers during pregnancy are scarce. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether different degrees of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the MD components were associated with cardiometabolic markers and a clustered cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy. Methods and results: This study comprised 119 pregnant women from the GEStation and FITness (GESTAFIT) project. Dietary habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks (g.w.). The Mediterranean Diet Score was employed to assess MD adherence. The following cardiometabolic markers were assessed: pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A greater MD adherence was associated with a better cardiometabolic status in cross-sectional (16th g.w. and 34th g.w.) and prospective analyses (MD adherence at the 16th g.w. and cardiometabolic markers at the 34th g.w.; SBP, DBP and HDL-C; all, p < 0.05). Participants with the highest MD adherence (Tertile 3) had a lower clustered cardiometabolic risk than those with the lowest MD adherence (Tertile 1) at the 16th and 34th g.w. (both, p < 0.05). A higher intake of fruits, vegetables and fish and a lower intake of refined cereals and red meat and subproducts were associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy (all, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A higher MD adherence, a greater intake of fruits, vegetables and fish and a lower intake of refined cereals and red meat and subproducts showed a cardioprotective effect throughout gestation.

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Mediterranean-Style Diet for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cochrane Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 59 publications

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review

Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update

Influence of the degree of adherence to the mediterranean diet and its components on cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy. The GESTAFIT project

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