Medium‐chain triglycerides given in the early stage of mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease enhance memory function

Kimoto, Ayako; Ohnuma, Tohru; Toda, Aiko; Takebayashi, Yuto; Higashiyama, Ryoko; Tagata, Yuko; Ito, Masanobu; Ota, Tsuneyoshi; Shibata, Nobuto; Arai, Heii

doi:10.1111/psyg.12257

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, despite initial indicators of efficacy for ketogenic diet/formula in human trials [380–382], daily administration of a ketogenic medium‐chain TAG (AC‐1204) fails to alter cognitive function in a phase III trial with mild‐to‐moderate AD subjects. Interestingly, subgroup analyses of two trials of ketogenic intervention suggest that its cognition‐improving effect is more notable in early stage AD patients with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 15 [383], or ApoE4 noncarriers [384,385]. These modifications of responsiveness by ApoE4 and disease stage resemble the findings in DHA interventions [368,369].…”

Section: Targeting Lipid Metabolism Against Ad: Therapeutic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise

Yin

2022

The FEBS Journal

139

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age‐associated neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology, intersecting genetic and environmental risk factors, and a lack of disease‐modifying therapeutics. While the abnormal accumulation of lipids was described in the very first report of AD neuropathology, it was not until recent decades that lipid dyshomeostasis became a focus of AD research. Clinically, lipidomic and metabolomic studies have consistently shown alterations in the levels of various lipid classes emerging in early stages of AD brains. Mechanistically, decades of discovery research have revealed multifaceted interactions between lipid metabolism and key AD pathogenic mechanisms including amyloidogenesis, bioenergetic deficit, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and myelin degeneration. In the present review, converging evidence defining lipid dyshomeostasis in AD is summarized, followed by discussions on mechanisms by which lipid metabolism contributes to pathogenesis and modifies disease risk. Furthermore, lipid‐targeting therapeutic strategies, and the modification of their efficacy by disease stage, ApoE status, and metabolic and vascular profiles, are reviewed.

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Section: Targeting Lipid Metabolism Against Ad: Therapeutic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise

Yin

2022

The FEBS Journal

139

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“…It appears that specific exogenous MCT/nootropic combination products, if they are proven to be highly ketogenic, can improve brain function by increasing ketone levels and energy mechanisms [54][55][56]. Another factor to consider is that the microbiome may aid function in various applications from cognitive health to performance improvement [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique medium chain triglyceride-containing micronutrient complex: Effects on migraine symptoms compared to quality of lif

Wolkodoff¹,

Haase²,

Kapteyn³

2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Purpose: Migraine headaches and associated symptoms are prevalent medical issues. Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)/nootropic-based compounds have demonstrated benefits in multiple domains. This study assessed the potential relief provided from a unique, high-concentration MCT/nootropic component blend on migraine frequency, duration, secondary symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) during a 60-day clinical investigation. Methods: Forty (n=40) chronic migraine sufferers [migraineurs] were prospectively randomized to participate in the double-blinded study. Both intervention (n=30) and control (n=10) participants were required to maintain lifestyle patterns for the trial duration. Migraine surveys used electronic response forms to allow subjects increased ease and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. The intervention subjects experienced reduction in migraine episodes by 53%, from 11.6 to 5.4 per month, after 60 days of supplement use. The average episode duration decreased from 260 minutes to 158 minutes, a 39% improvement. Time lost due to severe migraine effect was reduced from an average of more than five days per month to just over two per month, a decrease of 55%. A combined measure of secondary symptoms, which aggregate to illustrate migraine intensity, also decreased according to subject rating by an average of 37%. Self-assessed QOL scales improved by 43% in the intervention cohort. The control subjects showed no significant changes in any measures. Conclusion: Consumption of a unique, nootropic brain complex significantly improved migraine symptoms, including episode frequency, duration, severity, and lost days due to dysfunction. The formulation also beneficially impacted secondary effects and self-reported QOL.

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“…Ketogenic diet reduces Aβ pathology and improves metabolic and cognitive functions in both aging and AD animal models [ 225 , 226 ]. Although ketogenic interventions were effective in early‐phase clinical trials, further studies showing long‐term effects on AD are required [ 9 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Intake Of Specific Lipid Species On Alzhe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into brain lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Oligodendrocytes and white matter abnormalities

Kawade

Yamanaka

2023

FEBS Open Bio

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A genome‐wide association study has shown that several AD risk genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, epidemiological studies have indicated that the levels of several lipid species are altered in the AD brain. Therefore, lipid metabolism is likely changed in the AD brain, and these alterations might be associated with an exacerbation of AD pathology. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is a lipid‐rich insulator. Dysfunctions of the myelin sheath have been linked to white matter abnormalities observed in the AD brain. Here, we review the lipid composition and metabolism in the brain and myelin and the association between lipidic alterations and AD pathology. We also present the abnormalities in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and white matter observed in AD. Additionally, we discuss metabolic disorders, including obesity, as AD risk factors and the effects of obesity and dietary intake of lipids on the brain.

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Medium‐chain triglycerides given in the early stage of mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease enhance memory function

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise

Lipid metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: clinical evidence, mechanistic link and therapeutic promise

A unique medium chain triglyceride-containing micronutrient complex: Effects on migraine symptoms compared to quality of lif

Novel insights into brain lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Oligodendrocytes and white matter abnormalities

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