Medium-resolution multispectral satellite imaging system for hygrometeorological spacecraft

Abstract

Medium-resolution multispectral satellite imaging system KMSS-2 started operations on board Meteor-M No. 2-2 spacecraft that was launched in July 2019. The system consists of two identical imagers MSU-100TM with three spectral channels at 0.55, 0.65, 0.85 mkm central wavelengths, 55 m ground sample distance at nadir and common swath of more than 1000 km. KMSS-2 has principal improvements to the previous instruments of KMSS series operating in orbit since 2009 onboard Meteor-M No. 1/2 meteorological satellites. Among the improvements are: optical alignment of the spectral channels, new linear charge coupled detectors with enhanced dynamic range and higher signal-to-noise ratio, 10 bit per channel signal quantization, individual integration time, dark current level and gain selection for each channel. The purpose of the improvements was to enhance data quality with the same instrument-to-spacecraft interfaces, data transmission channel and control logics proven by previous system operation. Imaging data are synchronized with spacecraft position and attitude measurements to allow image georeferencing during the ground processing procedures.

An automatic method for subpixel registration of KMSS-M imagery based on coarse-resolution actualized reference

“…Две идентичных камеры комплекса (МСУ-201 и МСУ-202) имеют фокусное расстояние 100 мм, обеспечивая пространственное разрешение 60 метров при съемке в надир, и позволяют регистрировать отраженное солнечное излучение в зеленом (0,535 -0,575 мкм), красном (0,630 -0,680 мкм) и ближнем ИК (0,760 -0,900 мкм) диапазонах длин волн. В состав КМСС-М также входит камера с фокусным расстоянием 50 мм (пространственное разрешение при съемке в надир составляет 120 метров), позволяющая регистрировать излучение в трёх спектральных каналах (0,370 -0,450; 0,450 -0,510; 0,580 -0,690 мкм) видимого диапазона длин волн [15].…”

Accuracy Assessment of Atmospheric Correction of KMSS-2 Meteor-M #2.2 Data over Northern Eurasia

“…The Meteor-3M series of polar-orbiting satellites are designed to support the Russian Hydrometeorological and Environment Monitoring Service, research institutes, and other organizations with operative Earth-observation data. The satellites are being launched to monitor objects and phenomena in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere for inspecting helio-geophysical conditions in the near-Earth space environment, global climate monitoring, emergency situations tracking, and ecological monitoring [1]. At the moment, there are three operating Meteor-3M satellites, namely, Meteor-M #2, Meteor-M #2.2, and Meteor-M #2.3, and at least one more satellite is scheduled for launch.…”

“…The cameras were designed for measurements in three spectral bands-green (0.535-0.575 µm), red (0.630-0.680 µm), and near-infrared (0.760-0.900 µm) with a spatial resolution of 60 m and a swath width of about 960 km with both cameras [2] (Table 1). Meteor-M #2.2 was launched on 5 July 2019 with the KMSS-2 instrument onboard [1]. The most recent Meteor-M #2.3 was launched on 27 June 2023; it carries the KMSS-2 instrument and operates in flight test mode at the moment.…”

“…of 60 m and a swath width of about 960 km with both cameras [2] (Table 1). Meteor-M # 2.2 was launched on 5 July 2019 with the KMSS-2 instrument onboard [1]. The most recent Meteor-M #2.3 was launched on 27 June 2023; it carries the KMSS-2 instrument and operates in flight test mode at the moment.…”