Medium-term field evaluation of several widely used cleaning-restoration techniques applied to algal biofilm formed on a granite-built historical monument

Sanmartín, Patricia; Rodríguez, Álvaro Sánchez; Aguiar, U.

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104870

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The hydrogel matrix was also applied alone (T9) to determinate its own cleaning efficacy, enabling it to make a comparison when it is used alone or in combination with other substances. Finally, treatments with commercial biocide Preventol RI-80 ® , a well-known QAC that has given suitable results in cleaning of phototrophic biofilms [24], incorporated in the hydrogel matrix (T10) and applied with a brush (T11), and distilled water applied with a brush (T12) were included, for a total of 12 different treatments (Figure 2). An uncolonized clean granite sample was also incorporated as reference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cleaning effect of the treatments was assessed immediately after treatment, and after one and two weeks, by color spectrophotometry, a reliable tool to evaluate the presence and vitality of phototrophs [30][31][32][33][34][35] and the cleaning effectiveness in granite [8,24].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cleaning Effectiveness By Using Color Spectropmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitorization for 14 days was carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness and persistence of each treatment over time in terms of cleaning, and to evaluate the change of color of the substrate over time. The data were analyzed using the CIELAB color system [37], where of the three parameters (L*, a* and b*) that define it, only the chromatic parameters, i.e., a* (associated with changes in redness-greenness) and b* (associated with changes in yellowness-blueness) proved relevant for evaluating the efficacy of the treatments, as in Sanmartín et al [8,24]. Thus, partial differences in these parameters were determined using the following equations:…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cleaning Effectiveness By Using Color Spectropmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms

et al. 2020

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The society has become increasingly interested in using natural products over chemicals for cleaning activities. In this study, the cleaning potential of formulations embedded in a hydrogel matrix and composed respectively of essential oils (EOs) of Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Calamintha nepeta, and their respective main active components (EO-ACs), viz., Carvacrol, Thymol, and Pulegone, on a phototropic biofilm growing on granite was investigated. In addition, and for comparative purposes, analysis with the combination of the three EOs, the combination of the three EO-ACs, and Preventol RI-80® (one of the most effective commercial cleaning agents based on quaternary ammonium salts) in all three cases embedded in a hydrogel matrix, as well as only the hydrogel matrix, distilled water, and Preventol RI-80®, in both latter cases applied with brush, were also studied. The cleaning effect of the treatments was assessed immediately after the treatment and after one and two weeks by color spectrophotometry, a reliable tool to evaluate the presence and vitality of the phototrophs and the cleaning effectiveness in granite. C. nepeta and its active component Pulegone proved to be the most effective and yielded similar results, comparable to those of uncolonized granite, and better than those obtained with Preventol RI-80® applied with brush (most common way), especially at the end of the experiment. These promising first results support the suitable use of the phytochemical compounds used on phototrophs field where there are still few published studies and encourage further investigation toward the evaluation of their exhibited biocidal activity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Cleaning Effectiveness By Using Color Spectropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Cleaning Effectiveness By Using Color Spectropmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms

et al. 2020

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“…The researchers observed the removal of persistent lichens by soaking them in distilled water and using soft brushes and wooden knives to completely remove them. Sanmartín et al [ 39 ] tested the efficacy of the dry brushing method, among other chemical methods, in removing an algal biofilm formed on a granite-built historical monument in Galicia (Spain). Color data showed no evidence of recolonization by phototrophic organisms after one year on all the trial cleaning areas.…”

Section: Physical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

2020

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The microbial deterioration of cultural heritage includes physical and chemical damage as well as aesthetic alteration. With the technological advancement, a plethora of techniques for removing unwanted microorganisms have opened up new opportunities for microbiologists and conservators. This article reviews the most applied, up-to-date, and sustainable techniques developed for the control of cultural heritage microbial deterioration presenting noteworthy case studies. These techniques include chemical methods, i.e., traditional biocides and nanoparticles; physical methods, such as mechanical removal, UV irradiation, gamma radiation, laser cleaning, heat shocking, microwaves, and dry ice treatment; and biological methods, such as natural molecules with biocidal activity, enzymes, and microorganisms. The application of control systems requires the comprehension of their behavior toward the unwanted microorganisms and possible interactions with the heritage materials. This overview shows also the control methods drawbacks for the purpose of creating awareness in selecting the most suitable technique or combination of techniques.

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“…Removal by (pressurized) water and brushing may be effective in the case of superficial, subaerial biofilms (Sanmartín et al 2020), but in other situations they may spread microbial structures, pushing them deeper within the substrate (Pinna 2017). Valuable protocols for the physical removal of lithobionts by laser ablation have been drawn up in the last decade (Sanz et al 2017), but even the combination of scalpel and laser may sometimes fail to eliminate lithobiontic structures within fissures (Rivas et al 2018).…”

Section: Direct and Indirect Strategies To Control Lithobiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection

Favero‐Longo

Viles

2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Medium-term field evaluation of several widely used cleaning-restoration techniques applied to algal biofilm formed on a granite-built historical monument

Cited by 36 publications

References 25 publications

Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms

Phytochemical Compounds as Cleaning Agents on Granite Colonized by Phototrophic Subaerial Biofilms

The Control of Cultural Heritage Microbial Deterioration

A review of the nature, role and control of lithobionts on stone cultural heritage: weighing-up and managing biodeterioration and bioprotection

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