Megaoesophagus in a pet rabbit

Abstract

A 1‐year‐old, male, lop‐eared rabbit presented for anorexia and weakness. A dental trim and medical treatment for gastrointestinal stasis were implemented. Owners reclaimed the animal after 2 days. Two‐weeks later, its condition had worsened, and regurgitation was observed. Thoracic radiographs followed by barium contrast oesophagram revealed bronchopneumonia and megaoesophagus. A computed tomographic examination ruled out any structural compression (tumours, vascular ring anomalies). Treatment with assisted feeding, antibiotics and sildenafil was started. Increased regurgitations and worsening respiratory distress were observed. The rabbit died 16 days later. At postmortem examination, the oesophagus was dilated and filled with food, and the lungs showed patchy pneumonia and lobular consolidation. Generalised muscular atrophy and pericardial effusion were observed. Histopathological examination revealed severe broncho‐ and aspiration pneumonia, and moderate multifocal muscle degeneration affecting skeletal, lingual and oesophageal muscle and myocardium. The final diagnosis was acquired megaoesophagus. This is the first report of megaoesophagus in a rabbit.