Melamine exposure threshold in early chronic kidney disease patients – A benchmark dose approach

Chen, Chu-Chih; Tsai, Yi‐Chun; Wang, Yin-Han; Chiu, Yi‐Wen; Hwang, Shang‐Jyh; Liu, Chia-Chu; Hsieh, Tusty‐Jiuan; Wu, Ming-Tsang

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106652

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melamine is widely used in the production of laminates, plastics, glues, adhesives, and coatings, and its derivatives are also used in flame retardants and in insulation [ 31 ]. Because of its resilience, light weight, and low cost, melamine is also widely used as a substitute for porcelain in the production of tableware and food utensils [ 31 ]. Our early studies found that melamine-made tableware could leach substantial amounts of melamine, especially in highly acidic soups or soups served at high temperatures, making them a major source of environmental melamine exposure [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, melamine was considered a relatively safe chemical. After the toxic milk and food scandals, the WHO and US FDA lowered their recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine to 200 and 63 μg per kg body weight per day (μg/kg_bw/day), respectively [ 31 ]. Recently, we evaluated the one-sided 95% lower bound of benchmark dose (BMDL) of melamine exposure, taking into consideration a benchmark response of 0.10 in two vulnerable human populations, calcium urolithiasis patients and early chronic kidney disease patients [ 31 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the toxic milk and food scandals, the WHO and US FDA lowered their recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of melamine to 200 and 63 μg per kg body weight per day (μg/kg_bw/day), respectively [ 31 ]. Recently, we evaluated the one-sided 95% lower bound of benchmark dose (BMDL) of melamine exposure, taking into consideration a benchmark response of 0.10 in two vulnerable human populations, calcium urolithiasis patients and early chronic kidney disease patients [ 31 , 42 ]. It was concluded that both BMDLs should be lowered to 4.89 μg/kg_bw/day and 0.74 to 2.03 μg/kg_bw/day, respectively, to protect calcium urolithiasis patients and early chronic kidney disease patients from further deterioration of renal function [ 31 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we evaluated the one-sided 95% lower bound of benchmark dose (BMDL) of melamine exposure, taking into consideration a benchmark response of 0.10 in two vulnerable human populations, calcium urolithiasis patients and early chronic kidney disease patients [ 31 , 42 ]. It was concluded that both BMDLs should be lowered to 4.89 μg/kg_bw/day and 0.74 to 2.03 μg/kg_bw/day, respectively, to protect calcium urolithiasis patients and early chronic kidney disease patients from further deterioration of renal function [ 31 , 42 ]. Both simulated BMDLs for melamine exposure threshold in those susceptible populations were much lower than the current WHO and the US FDA recommended TDIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Polymorphisms of MnSOD Modify the Impacts of Environmental Melamine on Oxidative Stress and Early Kidney Injury in Calcium Urolithiasis Patients

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Environmental melamine exposure increases the risks of oxidative stress and early kidney injury. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase can protect the kidneys against oxidative stress and maintain normal function. We evaluated whether their single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could modify melamine’s effects. A total of 302 patients diagnosed with calcium urolithiasis were enrolled. All patients provided one-spot overnight urine samples to measure their melamine levels, urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and renal tubular injury. Median values were used to dichotomize levels into high and low. Subjects carrying the T allele of rs4880 and high melamine levels had 3.60 times greater risk of high malondialdehyde levels than those carrying the C allele of rs4880 and low melamine levels after adjustment. Subjects carrying the G allele of rs5746136 and high melamine levels had 1.73 times greater risk of high N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase levels than those carrying the A allele of rs5746136 and low melamine levels. In conclusion, the SNPs of MnSOD, rs4880 and rs5746136, influence the risk of oxidative stress and renal tubular injury, respectively, in calcium urolithiasis patients. In the context of high urinary melamine levels, their effects on oxidative stress and renal tubular injury were further increased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Genetic Polymorphisms of MnSOD Modify the Impacts of Environmental Melamine on Oxidative Stress and Early Kidney Injury in Calcium Urolithiasis Patients

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Peterson

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter provides a broad overview of topics related to the occupational use and exposure to a variety of miscellaneous nitrogen‐containing compounds. Topics addressed include chemical/physical properties, uses, exposure assessment, and toxic effects, as well as standards, regulations, and guidelines for exposure. Some of the chemicals and classes represented in this chapter include pyridine, alkylpyridines, vinylpyridines, aminopyridines, aminopicolines, pyridinethione compounds (pyrithiones), nicotine, the substituted uracils, quaternary herbicides, s ‐triazine herbicides, propazine, cyanazine, ametryn, prometryn, simazine, hexazinone, azides, and hydrazine and its derivatives.

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Inhalation bioaccessibility of inhaled triazole fungicides and health risk assessment during spraying

Xiao

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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Background: Ambient air pollution caused by pesticide drift has received great attention. To accurately evaluate the health risk of inhaled pesticides, bioaccessibility should be considered. However, methods to reliably assess pesticide residues remain limited, hindering the precise estimation of exposure assessment. We aimed to optimize an in vitro method for the inhalation bioaccessibility (IBA) measurement of triazole fungicides and to incorporate this into inhalation exposure assessment during pesticide spraying.Results: The IBA of triazole fungicides increased logarithmically with extraction duration, plateauing after 6 h. The frequency of agitation displayed a similar pattern, whereas the ratio of solid to liquid between 1/1500 and 1/250 was considerably negatively associated. The predicted values (35.9-53.5%) for IBA based on optimized methodological parameters determined using a response surface methodology showed an acceptable deviation from experimental values (30.7-50.8%), suggesting feasibility for in vitro IBA measurement. Incorporating IBA into calculations of inhalation exposure amount (IE) yielded a value of 8.5 × 10 −7 −2.1 × 10 −5 mg kg −1 day −1 , a 50-68% reduction compared to IE based on total amount. Additionally, the safety exposure threshold was determined for triazole fungicides using benchmark dose modelling of data from lung A549 cell proliferation toxicity assays, and in this context, margin of exposure (MOE) values were calculated to be within an acceptable level.Conclusion: This in vitro method supplements bioaccessibility evaluation based on pesticide inhalation exposure, along with the risk to human health.

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Melamine exposure threshold in early chronic kidney disease patients – A benchmark dose approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Genetic Polymorphisms of MnSOD Modify the Impacts of Environmental Melamine on Oxidative Stress and Early Kidney Injury in Calcium Urolithiasis Patients

Genetic Polymorphisms of MnSOD Modify the Impacts of Environmental Melamine on Oxidative Stress and Early Kidney Injury in Calcium Urolithiasis Patients

Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Inhalation bioaccessibility of inhaled triazole fungicides and health risk assessment during spraying

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