Melanocyte abnormalities and senescence in the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

Rani, Seema; Kumar, Ravinder; Kumarasinghe, Prasad; Bhardwaj, Supriya; Srivastava, Niharika; Madaan, Aaisha; Parsad, Davinder

doi:10.1111/ijd.13960

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The IGH skin exhibits photodamage, such as altered basement membrane, increased matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP1) expression, and presence of p16INK4A‐positive fibroblasts (Kim, Kang, et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2010). Cultured melanocytes isolated from patients with IGH were found to be bigger with small and retracted dendrites, which reflects a reduced capability to transfer melanin to neighboring cells, indicating the occurrence of senescence (Rani et al., 2018).…”

Section: Age‐related Dynamic Changes In Pigmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the pigmentation system in the aging process

Kang

Lee

Papaccio

et al. 2021

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Human skin aging is a natural phenomenon that results from continuous exposure to intrinsic (time, genetic factors, hormones) as well as extrinsic factors (UV exposure, pollution, tobacco). In areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, photoaging blends with the process of intrinsic aging, resulting in an increased senescent cells number and consequently accelerating the aging process. The severity of photodamage depends on constitutional factors, including skin phototype (skin color, tanning capacity), intensity, and duration of sunlight/UV exposure. Aging affects nearly every aspect of cutaneous biology, including pigmentation. Clinically, the phenotype of age pigmented skin has a mottled, uneven color, primarily due to age spots, with or without hypopigmentation. Uneven pigmentation might be attributed to the hyperactivation of melanocytes, altered distribution of pigment, and turnover. In addition to direct damage to pigment‐producing cells, photodamage alters the physiological crosstalk between keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and melanocytes responsible for natural pigmentation homeostasis. Interestingly, age‐independent diffuse expression of senescence‐associated markers in the dermal and epidermal compartment is also associated with vitiligo, suggesting that premature senescence plays an important role in the pathology.

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Section: Age‐related Dynamic Changes In Pigmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the pigmentation system in the aging process

Kang

Lee

Papaccio

et al. 2021

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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“…A previous study of IGH regarding cell senescence reported that senescent melanocytes, which have very small and retracted dendrites, are large, have accumulated melanin and can be involved in the pathogenesis of IGH . In our study, the number of p16‐positive cells was more significantly increased, especially in the dermis of lesional skin from patients with IGH compared with perilesional normal skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of senescent fibroblasts in the development of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

et al. 2020

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biodegradable particulate system. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:17270-82. 7 Utz SR, Sukhorukov GB, Tuchin VV et al. Targeted photosensitizer delivery: a prospective approach to vitiligo photochemotherapy. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 2019; 95:21-9. 8 Cesarini J-P. Photo-induced events in the human melanocytic system: photoaggression and photoprotection. Pigment Cell Res 1988; 1:223-33. Research letters 1481transfer of melanin to keratinocytes, and decreased cell viability can lead to decreased numbers of melanocytes in IGH.

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“…Akin to other studies, 2 in our study, the disease severity (which was arbitrarily classified into three grades based on the number of new lesions appearing within the last 3 month) seemed to be of higher grade in older patients. Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is known to be a disease with a yet unclear pathogenesis, although many different hypotheses have been proposed over the years 2,8,14‐16 . Increased prevalence of IGH in the elderly population may be attributed to several degenerative changes which occur as a part of the normal aging process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In comparison with control melanocytes harvested from normal skin, melanocytes cultured from IGH lesions of patients revealed very small and retracted dendrites with abnormal melanin accumulation. 8 The latter, most likely an outcome of compromised transfer of melanin from melanocytes to keratinocytes, has been suggested to cause melanocyte depletion resulting from induction of early senescence of the melanocytes of IGH patients. The predominance of IGH lesions over sun-exposed areas, their development in areas treated with prolonged sessions of phototherapy, presence of marked solar elastosis on hematoxylin & eosin (H & E) stained sections, and focal elastotic changes on electron microscopy of IGH lesions strongly suggest the role of chronic exposure to UVR as a strong contributory factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do oxidative stress and melanin accumulation contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: A prospective case‐control study

Zeeshan

Sonthalia²,

Yadav³

et al. 2021

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Oxidative stress parameters have been reported to be significantly higher than controls in diverse disorders of pigmentation but no such data seem to be extant for IGH.Objectives: To verify whether heightened oxidative stress levels are seen in patients with IGH (compared with matched controls) and quantify the same in blood using appropriate biochemical markers. Further, an attempt to determine if there might be any correlation between the amount of oxidative stress and the severity of the disease. Methodology: This prospective case-control study was conducted in Northern India. Thirty Indian patients (Fitzpatrick skin phototype (SPT) IV-V) were included. The diagnosis of IGH lesions was confirmed based on characteristic clinical, and dermoscopic characteristics and confirmed on histopathological examination (H & E) of one of the lesions. Results:The oxidative stress enzyme level was significantly higher among the cases compared to controls which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was also observed between the levels of these markers and number of lesions, but this finding was statistically not significant [p > 0.05]. Assessment of melanin level by Dopa staining method in the IGH lesions revealed irregularly distributed melanin with areas of high and low melanin content and greater accumulation in the basement layer. Conclusion:The results of this probably the first study evaluating oxidative stress in IGH show that the oxidative stress is increased in patients with IGH. Level of oxidative stress seems to be correlated with both age of the patient (more in the elderly) and number of lesions.

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Melanocyte abnormalities and senescence in the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Alterations of the pigmentation system in the aging process

Alterations of the pigmentation system in the aging process

Role of senescent fibroblasts in the development of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

Do oxidative stress and melanin accumulation contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis: A prospective case‐control study

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