Melatonin as a potential antihypertensive treatment

Šimko, Fedor; Paulis, Ludovít

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00436.x

Cited by 180 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Melatonin can attenuate an increased BP by interfering with several control systems, such as the sympathetic nervous system, the NO-cGMP pathway 27 and the excessive production of ROS. 28 Modulation of different systems may have additional effects on BP; therefore, the hypotensive action of melatonin may differ among different experimental models of hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats

et al. 2009

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Melatonin plays a role in blood pressure (BP) control. The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin concentrations and melatonin receptor levels are altered in L-NAME-treated, NO-deficient hypertensive rats. Two groups of male adult Wistar rats were investigated: rats (n¼36) treated with NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME (40 mg kg À1 ) and age-matched controls (n¼36). BP was measured weekly by tail-cuff plethysmography. After 4 weeks, L-NAME administration increased BP (178±1 vs. control 118 ± 1 mm Hg). At the end of treatment, rats were killed in regular 4 h intervals over a 24-h period. Melatonin concentrations in the plasma, pineal gland, heart and kidney and melatonin receptor (MT 1 ) density in the aorta were determined. A significant daily rhythm of melatonin concentrations was found in the blood, pineal gland, kidney and heart of both control and hypertensive rats. Peak nighttime pineal melatonin concentrations were higher in L-NAME-treated rats than in controls (3.38 ± 0.48 vs. 1.75 ± 0.33 ng per pineal gland). No differences between both groups were found in melatonin concentrations in blood, kidney and heart or in the MT 1 receptor density in the aorta. Our results suggest that L-NAME treatment enhances melatonin production in the pineal gland, potentially by decreasing an inhibitory effect of NO on melatonin production in the pineal gland. However, the enhanced pineal melatonin formation was insufficient to increase melatonin concentrations in circulation, heart and kidney of L-NAME-treated rats, indicating an increased use of melatonin in hypertensive animals. INTRODUCTIONMelatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in a circadian manner and exhibits a broad spectrum of effects, including those in the cardiovascular system. Melatonin has been suggested to play a role in blood pressure (BP) control. Earlier reports have shown that pinealectomized rats developed hypertension, 1 and the administration of melatonin in this model normalized the increased BP. 2 Melatonin decreased BP in hypertensive patients, 3 and the addition of melatonin to antihypertensive medication in patients with nocturnal hypertension reduced nighttime systolic BP. 4 However, the mechanisms behind melatonin's effect on BP are still not completely understood.The hypotensive effect of melatonin could be mediated either by a direct effect on vessels or by decreasing brain serotonin release, resulting in sympathetic inhibition or parasympathetic stimulation. 5 There are rather limited data about changes of melatonin concentrations related to essential hypertension in the literature. Plasma melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels have been reported

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats

et al. 2009

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“…Mechanisms of action that may explain its potential therapeutic effects on tinnitus include antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and vasoregulatory properties. 211,212 It has been postulated that melatonin may modulate the central nervous system, improve hemodynamics with enhanced labyrinthine perfusion, and reduce muscular tone affecting tensor tympani contractions. 213 Three RCTs, with a total of 193 participants, have studied melatonin to treat tinnitus, and each demonstrated benefit with the greatest improvement in those patients with severe tinnitus and insomnia.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tinnitus

Tunkel¹,

Bauer

Sun

et al. 2014

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

558

408

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“…As discussed previously, melatonin is an especially important hormone in circadian rhythm regulation, as well as a potent antioxidant. It has been found that melatonin has a beneficial effect of lowering blood pressure in both men and women (158). Several studies have also shown that there is a significant reduction in circulating melatonin levels in patients with heart disease as compared to control patients [reviewed in Ref.…”

Section: Key Enzymes That Produces O 2 -Inside the Cell (125) This Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythm Connections to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health

Wilking

Ndiaye²,

Mukhtar³

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

246

192

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Significance: Oxygen and circadian rhythmicity are essential in a myriad of physiological processes to maintain homeostasis, from blood pressure and sleep/wake cycles, down to cellular signaling pathways that play critical roles in health and disease. If the human body or cells experience significant stress, their ability to regulate internal systems, including redox levels and circadian rhythms, may become impaired. At cellular as well as organismal levels, impairment in redox regulation and circadian rhythms may lead to a number of adverse effects, including the manifestation of a variety of diseases such as heart diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. Recent Advances: Researchers have come to an understanding as to the basics of the circadian rhythm mechanism, as well as the importance of the numerous species of oxidative stress components. The effects of oxidative stress and dysregulated circadian rhythms have been a subject of intense investigations since they were first discovered, and recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms linking the two have started to elucidate the bases of their connection. Critical Issues: While much is known about the mechanics and importance of oxidative stress systems and circadian rhythms, the front where they interact has had very little research focused on it. This review discusses the idea that these two systems are together intricately involved in the healthy body, as well as in disease. Future Directions: We believe that for a more efficacious management of diseases that have both circadian rhythm and oxidative stress components in their pathogenesis, targeting both systems in tandem would be far more successful.

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Melatonin as a potential antihypertensive treatment

Cited by 180 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats

Effect of L-NAME-induced hypertension on melatonin receptors and melatonin levels in the pineal gland and the peripheral organs of rats

Clinical Practice Guideline: Tinnitus

Circadian Rhythm Connections to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health

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