Melatonin synthesis under calcium constraint in gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus L.)

Abstract

Brain or blood plasma melatonin was analysed as a measure for pineal melatonin production in sea bream. Access to calcium was limited by diluting the seawater to 2.5& and removing calcium from the diet or by prolonged feeding of vitamin D-deficient diet. Inter actions/relations between melatonin and calcium balance and the hypercalcemic endocrines PTHrP and calcitriol were assessed. Restrict ing calcium availability in both water and diet had no effect on plasma melatonin, but when calcium was low in the water or absent from food, increased and decreased plasma melatonin was observed, respectively. Fish on a vitamin D-deficient diet (D-fish) showed decreased plasma calcitriol levels and remained normocalcemic. Decreased brain melatonin was found at all sampling times (10-22 weeks) in the D -fish compared to the controls. A positive correlation between plasma Ca2+ and plasma melatonin was found (R2 = 0.19; N = 41; P < 0.01) and brain melatonin was negatively correlated with plasma PTHrP (R2 = 0.78; N = 4; P < 0.05). The posi tive correlation between plasma levels of melatonin and Ca2+ provides evidence that melatonin synthesis is influenced by plasma Ca2+. The decreased melatonin production in the D -fish points to direct or indirect involvement of calcitriol in melatonin synthesis by the pineal organ in teleosts. The hypercalcemic factors PTHrP and calcitriol appeared to be negatively correlated with melatonin and this substantiates an involvement of melatonin in modulating the endocrine response to cope with hypocalcemia. It further points to the importance of Ca2+ in melatonin physiology.

The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…The lethal deletion of this gene on mice proves its crucial physiological functions [48]. The dose-response relationship between PTHrP expression level and melatonin concentration registered at least during the treatment period (MEL1 and MEL2) contradicts the negative correlation of those two parameters stipulated by Abbink et al [49]. Indeed, another study on primary BALB/c mouse chondrocytes [50] supports our finding about melatonin's capacity to upregulate PTHrP expression.…”

IMPORTANCE OF LIGHT IN TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF PHOTORECEPTOR PROTEINS AND MELATONIN-PRODUCING SYSTEM IN THE PINEAL OF CARPCATLA CATLA

“…In cultured trout pineal, external Ca ++ was required for the nocturnal rise in melatonin synthesis (Begay et al, 1994), which was inhibited in the presence of a hypocalcic or low-calcium medium (Meissl et al, 1996). Melatonin synthesis was also decreased in calcium-deficient diet-fed gilthead seabream (Sparus auratus) (Abbink et al, 2008).…”