Membrane-Based Desalination Technology for Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction

Kim, In Soo; Hwang, Moon-Hyun; Choi, Chang Koon

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809791-5.00002-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…It uses high pressure (50-80 bar) to surpass osmotic pressure and achieve desalination [73]. This is the most efficient of all processes (including thermal ones), and is capable of producing various grades of water quality, such as drinking and agricultural water [74,75]. (b) Electro-dialysis (ED): this uses the force of potential difference to transport ions through a semi-permeable membrane to achieve desalination [76].…”

Section: Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The commercialisation of fusion for the energy market: a review of socio-economic studies

et al. 2022

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Progress in the development of fusion energy has gained momentum in recent years. However questions remain across key subject areas that will affect the path to commercial fusion energy. The purpose of this review is to expose socio-economic areas that need further research, and from this assist in making recommendations to the fusion community, (and policy makers and regulators) in order to redirect and orient fusion for commercialisation: When commercialised, what form does it take? Where does it fit into a future energy system? Compared to other technologies, how much will fusion cost? Why do it? When is it likely that fusion reaches commercialisation? Investigations that have sought to answer these questions carry looming uncertainty, mainly stemming from the technoeconomics of emerging fusion technology in the private-sector, and due to the potential for applications outside of electricity generation coming into consideration. Such topics covered include hydrogen, desalination, and process-heat applications.

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Section: Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The commercialisation of fusion for the energy market: a review of socio-economic studies

et al. 2022

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“…Electricity is the main source of power used in these processes; however, in MD, most of the consumed power in the process is in terms of heat, with a small amount of electricity for running pumps [37]. Both NF(0.3-1 kWh/m 3 ) [86] and ED processes (depending on the level of TDS) require less energy compared to the RO process (1.5-6 kWhe/m 3 ) [87,88], mainly due to lower pressure requirement [89,90]. However, increased energy requirements are observed for ED for influent streams with higher salt content [91].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cwbd Water Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Technologies for Cooling Water Blowdown: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Cooling water blowdown (CWBD) generated from different industries and district cooling facilities contains high concentrations of various chemicals (e.g., scale and corrosion inhibitors) and pollutants. These contaminants in CWBD streams deem them unsuitable for discharge into surface water and some wastewater treatment plants. The pollutants present in CWBD, their sources, and the corresponding impacts on the ecosystem are discussed. The international and regional (Gulf states) policies and regulations related to contaminated water discharge standards into water bodies are examined. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing and emerging water treatment technologies for the treatment of CWBD. The study presents a comparison between the membrane (membrane distillation (MD), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and vibratory shear enhanced membrane process (VSEP)) and nonmembrane-based (electrocoagulation (EC), ballasted sand flocculation (BSF), and electrodialysis (ED)) technologies on the basis of performance, cost, and limitations, along with other factors. Results from the literature revealed that EC and VSEP technologies generate high treatment performance (EC~99.54% reduction in terms of silica ions) compared to other processes (membrane UF with reduction of 65% of colloidal silica). However, the high energy demand of these processes (EC~0.18–3.05 kWh/m3 and VSEP~2.1 kWh/m3) limit their large-scale applications unless connected with renewable sources of energy.

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“…Nanotechnology finds application in the membrane as well as thermal desalination. In the scope of work for this paper, only nanotechnology application for thermal desalination is considered, as nanomembranes at present are far from the commercial production and application phase [20]. For thermal desalination, the thermal properties of the heat transfer fluid are crucial.…”

Section: Basics Of Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanomembranes and nanofluids based thermal desalination are the two advances discussed in present times, as alternatives to the traditional desalination processes and which can support the objectives of the development of cost-effective and environment-friendly desalination processes. However, nanomembranes at present are at the nascent stage of development and require additional research to tackle the issues (toxicity, economics, large scale production and more) associated with nanomembranes before commercializing them at an industrial scale [20]. However, since nanofluids do not come into contact with the seawater, and no significant changes are required in the present systems, they can play a vital role in thermal desalination systems which are integrated with renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Opportunity To Develop Renewable Energy Powered Cost-competimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nanofluids and Renewable Energy in the Development of Sustainable Desalination Systems: A Review

Singh

Atieh

Al‐Ansari

et al. 2020

Water

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Desalination accounts for 1% of the total global water consumption and is an energy-intensive process, with the majority of operational expenses attributed to energy consumption. Moreover, at present, a significant portion of the power comes from traditional fossil-fuel-fired power plants and the greenhouse gas emissions associated with power production along with concentrated brine discharge from the process, pose a severe threat to the environment. Due to the dramatic impact of climate change, there is a major opportunity to develop sustainable desalination processes to combat the issues of brine discharge, greenhouse gas emissions along with a reduction in energy consumption per unit of freshwater produced. Nanotechnology can play a vital role to achieve specific energy consumption reduction as nanofluids application increases the overall heat transfer coefficient enabling the production of more water for the same size desalination plant. Furthermore, concentrated brine discharge harms the marine ecosystems, and hence, this problem must also be solved to support the objective of sustainable desalination. Several studies have been carried out in the past several years in the field of nanotechnology applications for desalination, brine treatment and the role of renewable energy in desalination. This paper aims to review the major advances in this field of nanotechnology for desalination. Furthermore, a hypothesis for developing an integrated solar thermal and nanofluid sustainable desalination system, based on the cyclic economy model, is proposed.

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Membrane-Based Desalination Technology for Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction

Cited by 5 publications

References 159 publications

The commercialisation of fusion for the energy market: a review of socio-economic studies

The commercialisation of fusion for the energy market: a review of socio-economic studies

Treatment Technologies for Cooling Water Blowdown: A Critical Review

The Role of Nanofluids and Renewable Energy in the Development of Sustainable Desalination Systems: A Review

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