Membrane distillation - an assessment

Hanbury, W.T.; Hodgkiess, T.

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(85)85032-3

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The early membranes had very poor performance when membrane distillation was invented in the late 1960s. Partly for this reason, membrane distillation was not commercially employed at that time [19]. In the 1980s, membranes with improved characteristics became available, and MD research rose again [20].…”

Section: Membrane Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of material and physical features of membrane distillation membranes for high performance desalination

Zhang

Dow

Duke

et al. 2010

Journal of Membrane Science

254

156

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In this paper, the performance of various membranes were assessed in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) under different feed velocities and inlet temperatures. The membranes studied included a polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane with a non-woven support layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microfiltration membrane with a non-woven support layer, and three MD membranes made from PTFE of different pore size and all with a structured scrim support layer. The results showed that distillation using PTFE membranes produced much higher flux than that of the PVDF microfiltration membrane at the same operational conditions, and the support layer affected not only the flux, but also the energy efficiency (0.51 -0.24). The results also show that increasing the velocity of the feed and its inlet temperature increased the flux, but the rate of flux increase diminishes at high velocities. The mass transfer coefficient improved for thinner support and active layer membranes, leading to fluxes as high as 46 L.m -2 h -1 at 80˚C. The heat transfer characteristics were found to be superior for the open scrim backed membranes compared to the non-woven support membranes, resulting in significantly greater thermal efficiency for the scrim backed membranes.

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Section: Membrane Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of material and physical features of membrane distillation membranes for high performance desalination

Zhang

Dow

Duke

et al. 2010

Journal of Membrane Science

254

156

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show abstract

“…[15][16] MD-related research became very active in the 1980s due to the availability of new membranes. [17][18][19][20][21] Four major configurations of the MD system have been proposed, which differ in how the permeate liquid is processed on the cold side of the membrane; [22][23] these configurations are known as direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), [24][25] air gap membrane distillation (AGMD), [26][27] sweep gas membrane distillation (SGMD), [28][29] and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination by Membrane Distillation using Electrospun Polyamide Fiber Membranes with Surface Fluorination by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Guo

Servi

Liu

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

137

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Fibrous membranes of poly(trimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide) (PA6(3)T) were fabricated by electrospinning and rendered hydrophobic by applying a conformal coating of poly-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA) using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). A set of iCVD-treated electrospun PA6(3)T fiber membranes with fiber diameters ranging from 0.25 to 1.8 µm were tested for desalination using the air gap membrane distillation configuration. Permeate fluxes of 2 to 11 kg/m 2 /hr were observed for temperature differentials of 20 °C to 45 °C between the feed stream and condenser plate, with rejections in excess of 99.98%. The liquid entry pressure was observed to increase dramatically, from 15 to 373 kPa with reduction in fiber diameter. Contrary to expectation, for a given feed temperature the permeate flux was observed to increase for membranes of decreasing fiber diameter. The results for permeate flux and salt rejection show that it is possible to construct membranes for membrane distillation even from intrinsically hydrophilic materials after surface modification by iCVD, and that the fiber diameter is shown to play an important role on the membrane distillation performance in terms of permeate flux, salt rejection, and liquid entry pressure.

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“…On the other hand, the chemical potential resulting from the temperature difference plays an important role in both heat and mass transport. [2]- [6] The vaporization at the hot feed-membrane surface interface produces the vapor, which is then driven across the membrane by various mass transport mechanisms, and condenses at the membrane surface-cold permeate solution interface. The hydrophobicity of the membrane protects against liquid penetration through the membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for Orange Juice Concentration

Morey¹,

Gandhi²,

Deshmukh³

2014

IJCEA

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Membrane distillation - an assessment

Cited by 66 publications

References 1 publication

Identification of material and physical features of membrane distillation membranes for high performance desalination

Identification of material and physical features of membrane distillation membranes for high performance desalination

Desalination by Membrane Distillation using Electrospun Polyamide Fiber Membranes with Surface Fluorination by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Mathematical Model of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for Orange Juice Concentration

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