Membrane Distillation for Strategic Water Treatment Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Current Status

Electrospun Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene) Nanofiber Membranes for Brine Treatment via Membrane Distillation

“…Furthermore, the main difference between all previous membrane-based techniques and MD is that MD is a thermally driven process, while the others are pressure-driven operations [ 8 ]. Among all these membrane-based techniques, the membrane distillation (MD) technique has received great attention due to its various advantages compared to other techniques, including: (i) high salt rejection (>99.9%), (ii) significantly larger pore size, (iii) lower fouling sensitivity, (iv) reduced feed salinity sensitivity, (v) ability to use low-grade heat (40–80 °C), (vi) the fact that renewable energy can be used to heat the feed solution, which can be generated by waste heat from cogeneration plants and solar energy [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The membrane distillation (MD) process is based on the difference in vapor pressure between feed and permeation solutions created by the temperature gradient [ 12 ].…”

Comparison of different coagulants to improve membrane distillation performance for landfill leachate concentrate treatment

“…11 Of these techniques, membrane distillation, which is a combination of thermal evaporation and membrane separation, has attracted significant attention given its low energy consumption and simple operation. 12,13 Chen et al 14 investigated the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for the treatment of landfill leachate concentrate and observed more than 98% retention of organic matter as indicated by the total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Nevertheless, the enrichment of organic matter, such as humic acid from upstream biological treatment processes, and inorganic salts, particularly calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ), in leachate concentrate can lead to severe membrane fouling and wetting in MD operation.…”

A review of recent advances in adsorption desalination technologies

“…The global daily desalination capacity is 95 million cubic meters/day (MCM/d) or 38 billion cubic meters (BCM/yr.) with an annual consumption of 75.2 TWh [5]. Researches have been carried out, resulting in various membrane and thermal distillation systems to satisfy the water requirements.…”