Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment

Chang, In-Soung; Le‐Clech, Pierre; Jefferson, Bruce; Judd, Simon

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2002)128:11(1018)

Cited by 664 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…In most cases, as reported in many studies previously, deposits of the foulant material have been found both on the external membrane surface and to some extent inside membrane pores [51]. Hence, in our tests both external foulants (cake layer) and internal foulants (in membrane pores) were extracted from the fouled membranes and analyzed using SEC and EEM spectroscopy at the end of their operation (Fig.…”

Section: Comparison Of Eps On the Membranementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The presence of a substantial concentration of soluble organics, especially polysaccharide, in the synthetic raw water may also have contributed to the accumulation of polysaccharide in the CAUF cake layer, because of the presence of PAC. In most cases, deposition of foulant material is found both on the external membrane surface and inside microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane pores [51]. Comparing the EPS concentration extracted from the two membrane fibers, the concentration from the CAUF was much lower than from the CUF, which suggested that some additional EPS or DOM was adsorbed by the PAC in the CAUF system and was retained within the cake layer, thereby reducing the EPS arriving at the membrane surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of pre-coagulation and powder activate carbon adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling

et al. 2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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a b s t r a c tPre-coagulation by alum before ultrafiltration without (CUF) and with (CAUF) powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition was investigated to explore the influence of PAC on membrane fouling. It was found that the continuous addition of a low dosage of PAC reduced membrane fouling for operational run periods o20 days, both for reversible and for irreversible components of fouling. The presence of PAC increased the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM), particularly proteinaceous substances, and some fractions of humic-type substances. For a longer operation time (420 days) an increase in mainly reversible fouling was evident and was attributed to microorganism growth in the cake layer, as indicated by the enhanced concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances, such as polysaccharides and proteins. A process of crystallization of the coagulant floc in the cake layer with increasing operation time was believed to cause desorption of DOM from primary coagulation particles and a decrease in their size, and consequently a higher density of cake layer. PAC absorption of desorbed DOM within the cake layer, and residual DOM after coagulation, reduced DOM reaching the membrane surface and the extent of subsequent internal membrane fouling.Crown

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Section: Comparison Of Eps On the Membranementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of pre-coagulation and powder activate carbon adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling

et al. 2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…Consequently, a higher nitrification rate could be achieved in MBRs than in the conventional biological treatment plants (Chang et al, 2002). In spite of a diminished VSS/MLSS ratio, the high sludge concentration at long SRT can maintain a steady COD removal rate, and the long SRT is propitious to the growth of nitrifiers, which resulted in an increase in NH 4 + -N removal rate.…”

Section: Performance Of Mbrs and Characteristics Of Sludge At Differementioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of sludge retention time on sludge characteristics and membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor

Ouyang¹,

Liu²

2009

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Three identical membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated over 2 years at different sludge retention time (SRT) of 10 d, 40 d and no sludge withdrawal (NS), to elucidate and quantify the effect of SRT on the sludge characteristics and membrane fouling. The hydraulic retention times of these MBRs were controlled at 12 h. With increasing SRT, the sludge concentrations in the MBRs increased, whereas the ratio of volatile suspended solid to the total solid decreased, and the size of sludge granule diminished in the meantime. A higher sludge concentration at long SRT could maintain a better organic removal efficiency, and a longer SRT was propitious to the growth of nitrifiers. The performance of these MBRs for the removal of COD and NH 4 + -N did not change much with different SRTs. However, the bioactivity decreased as SRT increase. The measurement of specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes testified that SOUR and the proportion of the bacteria-specific probe EUB338 in all DAPI-stainable bacteria decreased with increasing SRT. The concentrations of total organic carbon, protein, polysaccharides and soluble extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the mixed liquor supernatant also decreased with increasing SRT. The membrane fouling rate was higher at shorter SRT, and the highest fouling rate appeared at a SRT of 10 d. Both the sludge cake layer and gel layer had contribution to the fouling resistance, but the relative contribution of the gel layer decreased as SRT increase.

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“…These high MLTS levels contribute to membrane fouling: the key issue of membrane technology. Fouling decreases membrane permeability (K) and increases operating and maintenance costs (Chang et al, 2002). It is important to emphasise that AnMBR systems enable membranes to operate at MLTS levels higher than in aerobic MBRs because anaerobic MBRs do not have the oxygen transfer constraints that limit 3 (Stephenson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber reinforced Nafion membranes for fuel cell applications

Mollá

Compañ

2011

Journal of Membrane Science

137

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A submerged anaerobic MBR demonstration plant with two commercial hollowfibre ultrafiltration systems (PURON ® , Koch Membrane Systems, PUR-PSH31) was operated using municipal wastewater at high levels of mixed liquor total solids (MLTS) (above 22 g L -1 ). A modified flux-step method was applied to assess the critical flux (JC) at different gas sparging intensities. The results showed a linear dependency between JC and the specific gas demand per unit of membrane area (SGDm). JC ranged from 12 to 19 LMH at SGDm values of between 0.17 and 0.5 Nm 3 h -1 m -2 , which are quite low in comparison to aerobic MBR. Long-term trials showed that the membranes operated steadily at fluxes close to the estimated JC, which validates the JC obtained by this method. After operating the membrane for almost two years at sub-critical levels, no irreversible fouling problems were detected, and therefore, no chemical cleaning was conducted. KeywordsCritical flux; gas sparging; industrial hollow-fibre membranes; modified flux-step 2 method; submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor

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Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 664 publications

References 119 publications

Investigation of pre-coagulation and powder activate carbon adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Investigation of pre-coagulation and powder activate carbon adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling

Effect of sludge retention time on sludge characteristics and membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor

Polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber reinforced Nafion membranes for fuel cell applications

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