1987
DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90548-3
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Membrane open-system cell for oxygen consumption measurement

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…To determine the appropriate anticancer therapeutic in the case of hypoxic tumor environments, probes capable of reporting on the oxygen status within that tissue are essential. Several methods to detect hypoxia have been developed, such as blood flow velocity monitoring, [15] Clark electrode, [16] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [17,18] electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), [19] positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging, [20] and fluorescence imaging. Among them, fluorescence imaging based on specific probes for hypoxia markers is emerging as a powerful method for rapid visualization and real‐time monitoring of tumor hypoxia [2,21–24] …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To determine the appropriate anticancer therapeutic in the case of hypoxic tumor environments, probes capable of reporting on the oxygen status within that tissue are essential. Several methods to detect hypoxia have been developed, such as blood flow velocity monitoring, [15] Clark electrode, [16] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [17,18] electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), [19] positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging, [20] and fluorescence imaging. Among them, fluorescence imaging based on specific probes for hypoxia markers is emerging as a powerful method for rapid visualization and real‐time monitoring of tumor hypoxia [2,21–24] …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3,4 Clark electrodes have been widely used to measure extracellular oxygen level in cell culture media. 1,5 However, when applied in intracellular studies, the electrodes may injure the cell due to the penetration. A Clark microelectrode can only measure the oxygen level in one cell at a time and is not suitable in applications that require fast cell screening.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8,9 Clark electrodes have been widely used to measure extracellular oxygen levels in cell culture media. 6,10 However, when applied to intracellular studies, the electrodes may cause structural damage to the cell membrane due to penetration. The use of oxygen microelectrodes only enables the measurement of molecular oxygen in one cell at a time and is not suitable for applications that require fast cell screening.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the significance of intracellular oxygen in various biochemical processes, there are surprisingly few analytical methods to measure its levels. , The role of oxygen in cellular processes is mostly assessed by indirect data derived from the measurement of extracellular oxygen concentration. This approach is ambiguous, as there is a difference between intracellular and extracellular oxygen concentrations. , Clark electrodes have been widely used to measure extracellular oxygen levels in cell culture media. , However, when applied to intracellular studies, the electrodes may cause structural damage to the cell membrane due to penetration. The use of oxygen microelectrodes only enables the measurement of molecular oxygen in one cell at a time and is not suitable for applications that require fast cell screening.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%