Membranes in the Mitotic Apparatus: Their Structure and Function

Hepler, Peter K.; Wolniak, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61490-4

Cited by 116 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…Previous reports of ER during plant cell division have described static images from electron micrographs in which the entirety of ER structure was not visible [14,15,17,20,31]. Using living cells with GFP targeted to the ER allowed observations of the dynamics of ER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic reticulum targeted GFP reveals ER organization in tobacco NT-1 cells during cell division

Gupton

Collings

Allen

2006

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plant cells undergoes a drastic reorganization during cell division. In tobacco NT-1 cells that stably express a GFP construct targeted to the ER, we have mapped the reorganization of ER that occurs during mitosis and cytokinesis with confocal laser scanning microscopy. During division, the ER and nuclear envelope do not vesiculate. Instead, tubules of ER accumulate around the chromosomes after the nuclear envelope breaks down, with these tubules aligning parallel to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. In cytokinesis, the phragmoplast is particularly rich in ER, and the transnuclear channels and invaginations present in many interphase cells appear to develop from ER tubules trapped in the developing phragmoplast. Drug studies, using oryzalin and latrunculin to disrupt the microtubules and actin microfilaments respectively, demonstrate that during division, the arrangement of ER is controlled by microtubules and not by actin, which is the reverse of the situation in interphase cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic reticulum targeted GFP reveals ER organization in tobacco NT-1 cells during cell division

Gupton

Collings

Allen

2006

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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“…Indeed, it is quite likely that during the transition to metaphase, while the nuclear envelope resorbs into the ER, which then forms aggregates at the spindle poles, there is a switch over from an actin-based movement to microtubule-based movement on spindle microtubules (Gupton et al, 2006). The association of ER membrane with spindle microtubules in plants is well established (Hepler and Wolniak, 1984).…”

Section: The Effect Of the Actomyosin System And Microtubules On Er Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Nondividing Cells of Tobacco Leaves

et al. 2009

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Using a novel analytical tool, this study investigates the relative roles of actin, microtubules, myosin, and Golgi bodies on form and movement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf epidermal cells. Expression of a subset of truncated class XI myosins, which interfere with the activity of native class XI myosins, and drug-induced actin depolymerization produce a more persistent network of ER tubules and larger persistent cisternae. The treatments differentially affect two persistent size classes of cortical ER cisternae, those >0.3 mm 2 and those smaller, called punctae. The punctae are not Golgi, and ER remodeling occurs in the absence of Golgi bodies. The treatments diminish the mobile fraction of ER membrane proteins but not the diffusive flow of mobile membrane proteins. The results support a model whereby ER network remodeling is coupled to the directionality but not the magnitude of membrane surface flow, and the punctae are network nodes that act as foci of actin polymerization, regulating network remodeling through exploratory tubule growth and myosin-mediated shrinkage.

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“…The Ca# + -calmodulin complex controls MT depolymerization (Cyr, 1991 ;Fisher & Cyr, 1993). The dividing angiosperm cells seem to determine the activity of this complex both spatially and temporally, controlling the concentration of cytosolic Ca# + by the endoplasmic reticulum (Hepler & Wolniak, 1984 ;Hepler, 1992). The Al-induced malfunction of this mechanism may affect the disassembly of successive MT systems in the dividing cells.…”

Section: Possible Aluminium Target Mechanisms Underlying Microtubule mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium effects on microtubule organization in dividing root‐tip cells of Triticum turgidum. I. Mitotic cells

2000

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The effects of aluminium (Al) on dividing root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum were investigated with tubulin immunolabelling and electron microscopy. Aluminium affects the mechanisms controlling the organization of microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, as well as tubulin polymerization, and induces the following aberrations in mitotic cells. (1) It delays the MT disassembly during mitosis, resulting in the persistence of preprophase MT bands in the late prophase cells, the presence of prophase spindles in prometaphase cells, and a disturbance in the shortening of kinetochore MT bundles in anaphase cells. (2) It interferes with the self-organization process of MTs into bipolar systems, inhibiting the formation of prophase and metaphase spindles. (3) Aluminium induces the formation of atypical MT arrays, which in the immunofluorescent specimens appear as ring-like tubulin aggregations in the cortical cytoplasm of the preprophase\prophase cells and as endoplasmic tubulin bundles in prophase and metaphase\anaphase cells ; abnormal preprophase MT bands are assembled, consisting of atypical cortical and endoplasmic MT bundles, the latter clearly lining the nuclear envelope on the preprophase MT band plane. (4) It disorders the chromosome movements carried out by the mitotic spindle. In addition, after prolonged Al treatments chromatin condensation is inhibited. The outcome is greatly disturbed organization and function of the mitotic apparatus, as well as inhibition of cells from entering mitosis. This study shows that the MT cytoskeleton is a target site of Al toxicity in mitotic root-tip cells of T. turgidum. The possible mechanisms by which Al exerts its toxicity on MT organization and function are discussed.

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Membranes in the Mitotic Apparatus: Their Structure and Function

Cited by 116 publications

References 264 publications

Endoplasmic reticulum targeted GFP reveals ER organization in tobacco NT-1 cells during cell division

Endoplasmic reticulum targeted GFP reveals ER organization in tobacco NT-1 cells during cell division

Movement and Remodeling of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Nondividing Cells of Tobacco Leaves

Aluminium effects on microtubule organization in dividing root‐tip cells of Triticum turgidum. I. Mitotic cells

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