Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type III in a Simultaneous Infection of <i>Leishmania Infantum</i> and <i>Dirofilaria Immitis</i> in a Dog

Aresu, Luca; Valenza, F.; Ferroglio, Ezio; Pregel, Paola; Uslenghi, Federica; Tarducci, Alberto; Zanatta, Rayssa Ferreira

doi:10.1177/104063870701900520

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These comorbidities, especially HIV coinfection, confer a higher risk for the development of ZVL (331). The risks for dogs also include coinfection with other parasites, rickettsial diseases, heartworm disease, or immune suppression (332,333). Genetic susceptibility may also be a factor for the development of clinical disease.…”

Section: Fig 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Protozoal Diseases of Companion Animals

2013

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SUMMARYOver 77 million dogs and 93 million cats share our households in the United States. Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of pets in their owners' physical and mental health. Given the large number of companion animals in the United States and the proximity and bond of these animals with their owners, understanding and preventing the diseases that these companions bring with them are of paramount importance. Zoonotic protozoal parasites, including toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease, babesiosis, giardiasis, and leishmaniasis, can cause insidious infections, with asymptomatic animals being capable of transmitting disease.GiardiaandToxoplasma gondii, endemic to the United States, have high prevalences in companion animals.LeishmaniaandTrypanosoma cruziare found regionally within the United States. These diseases have lower prevalences but are significant sources of human disease globally and are expanding their companion animal distribution. Thankfully, healthy individuals in the United States are protected by intact immune systems and bolstered by good nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene. Immunocompromised individuals, including the growing number of obese and/or diabetic people, are at a much higher risk of developing zoonoses. Awareness of these often neglected diseases in all health communities is important for protecting pets and owners. To provide this awareness, this review is focused on zoonotic protozoal mechanisms of virulence, epidemiology, and the transmission of pathogens of consequence to pet owners in the United States.

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Section: Fig 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Protozoal Diseases of Companion Animals

2013

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“…is known from naturally infected dogs, which form a major reservoir of the pathogen in Mediterranean countries. 13,14 Recently, two case reports described nephrotic range proteinuria due to MPGN in VL in HIV-1-infected patients. 14,15 The number of VL relapses and the average time between them largely depend on the immunologic status of the patient (as defined by the CD4 cell count) and are definitely influenced by the antiretroviral treatment and the use of anti-leishmanial drugs for maintenance therapy.…”

Section: Hiv-1 Infection and Renal Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…may be accompanied by various renal symptoms including acute renal failure, renal amyloidosis, various forms of GN, and nephritic syndrome. [12][13][14][15] Circulating immune complexes containing antiLeishmania antibodies have been detected in humans suffering from VL. 16,17 There is evidence for the deposition of Leishmania antigen-containing immune complexes in the kidneys of spontaneously or experimentally infected animals.…”

Section: Hiv-1 Infection and Renal Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Leishmaniasis as Unusual Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in an HIV Patient

Amann

Bogdan²,

Harrer³

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Renal involvement is a rare complication in HIV-1-infected patients leading to various pathologies and clinical symptoms. In addition to the classic HIV-1-associated nephropathy with collapsing-type focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and characteristic tubulocystic changes, which is more common in Afro-American than in Caucasian HIV-1 patients, immune complex GNs such as membranous GN and membranoproliferative GN are particularly common renal manifestations. Besides HIV-1 itself, a number of opportunistic infections may cause renal disease in HIV-1-infected patients. In this study, we report an unusual case of HIV-1 infection with a severe renal manifestation of systemic leishmaniasis that developed years after repeated visits to Mediterranean countries. The case presents several remarkable clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic aspects that may be important for daily clinical practice. 23: 586-590, 201223: 586-590, . doi: 10.1681 In April 2008, a 45-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted to our hospital due to dyspnea and recurrent diarrhea during the past weeks. He had been known to be HIV-1 infected for 23 years, and he had been treated with various antiretroviral drug regimens since 1997. Despite therapy, he had experienced progressive immunodeficiency due to poor compliance and drug resistance. At a prior visit to our hospital in 2001, he had presented with a high viremia (500,000 copies/ml) and depleted CD4 cells (3/ml). At the current admission, he was on an antiretroviral combination regimen consisting of darunavir, low-dose ritonavir, tenofovir, and emtricitabine. J Am Soc NephrolPhysical examination revealed an elevated blood pressure of 170/110 mmHg, dyspnea, bilateral pleura effusions, gross edema of legs, scrotum, and penis, and reddish, macular and papular skin lesions on the dorsal hands, chest, abdomen, and thighs. Laboratory analyses showed abnormal renal parameters (serum creatinine 1.49 mg/dl [normal range ,1.1 mg/dl], creatinine clearance 35 ml/min [normal value 75-125 ml/min], urea 69 mg/dl [normal range 14-43 mg/dl], uric acid 7.5 mg/dl [normal range 3.5-7 mg/dl], and proteinuria of 9.6 g/24 h). Liver en-were elevated. Serum ferritin was strongly increased to 1770 ng/ml (normal range 34-310 ng/ml), and iron was slightly decreased to 28 mg/dl (normal range 40-160 mg/dl). Peripheral blood counts showed anemia (hemoglobin 8.3 mg/dl [normal range 12-16 mg/dl]), slight leukopenia (3900/ml [normal range 4000-10,000/ml]), and thrombopenia (99,000/ml [normal range 150,000-400,000/ml]). The number of CD4 + T cells was decreased to 174 cells/ml. Quantitative PCR analyses demonstrated low HIV-1 viremia (790 copies/ml), a low cytomegalovirus viremia (6 copies/10 5 cells), and shedding of BK virus in the urine (4400 copies/ml). PCR analyses yielded negative results for hepatitis C virus in serum and for adenovirus and John Cunningham virus in the urine. All other laboratory parameters including the complement factors C3 and C4, antinuclear antibodies, cryoglobulins, anti-dsDNA antibodies, ...

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“…Moreover, only a few studies have described aberrant migration of parasites into unique anatomical sites in dogs including the eye (Dantas-Torres et al 2009), articular joint (Hodges and Rishniw 2008), and kidney (Aresu et al 2007). Herein we report the first case of aberrant dirofilariasis in the uterus of a dog that resulted in granulomatous metritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, aberrant parasite migration into atypical sites such as the nervous, reproductive, urinary, or skeletal systems can also occur and can induce inappropriate tissue injury. Several previous publications in the veterinary medical literature have reported such aberrant parasite distribution affecting the spinal cord (Gomez et al 2010;Johnson et al 2010), brain (Tanabe et al 2007), kidney (Aresu et al 2007), eye (Dantas-Torres et al 2009) and joint spaces (Hodges and Rishniw 2008). From these reports, a variety of important differential diagnoses have evolved concerning the clinical signs and pathologic lesions that can develop due to aberrant parasitic life cycles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulomatous metritis caused by suspected Dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a case report

Park¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Here we describe a unique uterine mass in a dog with granulomatous lesions caused by filarial larvae from the family Onchocercidae. An 8-year-old female Maltese was presented to a local animal hospital with anorexia, depression, and vaginal discharge. A markedly distended uterus was observed on lateral abdominal radiographs, leading to a clinical diagnosis of pyometra or uterine mass of an unknown origin. During surgery, the left uterine horn contained a 5 cm diameter mass adhered to adjacent soft tissue. On gross inspection, the mass contained numerous white nematodes. Microscopically, this mass was characterised by a granulomatous inflammation of the myometrium and endometrium. Because all of the nematodes were dead, definitive species identification was not possible. However, based on the histologic appearance, these nematodes were tentatively identified as Dirofilaria immitis larvae.

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Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type III in a Simultaneous Infection of Leishmania Infantum and Dirofilaria Immitis in a Dog

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Transmission and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Protozoal Diseases of Companion Animals

Transmission and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Protozoal Diseases of Companion Animals

Renal Leishmaniasis as Unusual Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in an HIV Patient

Granulomatous metritis caused by suspected Dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a case report

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