MEMS-based uncooled THz detectors for staring imagers

Cox, J. Allen; Higashi, Robert E.; Nusseibeh, F.; Zins, Chaim

doi:10.1117/12.884066

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Cox, J. A. et al [46] developed the spiral-antenna coupled thermo-electric (TE) devices (1x8 elements) which were sensitive to the spectral-frequency range from 0.2 to 2 THz. Realization of the antenna-coupled TE-FPA operating at frame rate of 30 Hz may bring the MDP value of ca.…”

Section: Comparison Of Performances For Different Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology trend in real-time, uncooled image sensors for sub-THz and THz wave detection

Oda

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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The author summarizes development of uncooled microbolometer terahertz (THz) focal plane arrays (FPAs) and real-time cameras for sub-THz and THz wave detection. The array formats are 320x240 and 640x480, and the cameras have several functions, such as lock-in imaging, external-trigger imaging, image processing (pixel binning and frame integration), beam profiling and so on. The FPAs themselves are sensitive to sub-THz, THz and infrared radiations.Active imaging systems based on the imagers are described. One of them is a real-time transmission-type THz microscope which contains a THz camera and a quantum cascade laser (QCL). The other one is an active sub-THz imaging system, where a transmission imaging mode and a reflection imaging mode can be switched with one-touch operation. Strong THz emitters, such as far-infrared gas lasers and QCLs, are strongly coherent and often produce interference fringes in an image. A method of reducing the interference fringes (beam homogenizing) is described.Microbolometer FPAs developed by other groups, antenna-coupled CMOS FPA, array detectors based on GaAs high-mobility heterostructure and so on are also summarized, which operate in real-time and at room temperature. A fair method of evaluating performance of detectors with different sizes and at different wavelengths is explained and the performances of the detectors are compared.

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Section: Comparison Of Performances For Different Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology trend in real-time, uncooled image sensors for sub-THz and THz wave detection

Oda

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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“…Modern detection approaches involve metamaterials [5], microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) detectors [22], modulators based on graphene and other 2D semiconductors, as well as passive detection using traditional transistors (HBTs and HEMTs), with many new approaches demonstrated post-2010.…”

Section: Traditional and Current Approaches To Terahertz Radar Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A particularly important area of research is security, for example for concealed weapon detection in locations such as airports and train terminals. The main benefit here arises once again from the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves: although radiation with a wavelength of 1 mm can easily penetrate materials of which clothes are made, it is reflected by explosives [12], weapons [22] and drugs [23]. In general, passive imagers must be able to provide 1 cm resolution at a target distance up to 10 m, which is best achieved at frequencies below 2 THz and even better, 1 THz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this and related (light-based) approaches, the transmitter illuminates the object and the receiver collects the scattered energy. Thermal THz detectors have also been used for detecting THz radiation, and early thermal THz detectors were predominantly based on bolometers [22]. In recent years, metamaterials with strong radiation-absorbing characteristics have also been investigated [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Transistor Technologies Capable of Terahertz Amplification: A Way to Re-Engineer Terahertz Radar Sensors

Božanić

Sinha

2019

Sensors

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This paper reviews the state of emerging transistor technologies capable of terahertz amplification, as well as the state of transistor modeling as required in terahertz electronic circuit research. Commercial terahertz radar sensors of today are being built using bulky and expensive technologies such as Schottky diode detectors and lasers, as well as using some emerging detection methods. Meanwhile, a considerable amount of research effort has recently been invested in process development and modeling of transistor technologies capable of amplifying in the terahertz band. Indium phosphide (InP) transistors have been able to reach maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) values of over 1 THz for around a decade already, while silicon-germanium bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) compatible heterojunction bipolar transistors have only recently crossed the fmax = 0.7 THz mark. While it seems that the InP technology could be the ultimate terahertz technology, according to the fmax and related metrics, the BiCMOS technology has the added advantage of lower cost and supporting a wider set of integrated component types. BiCMOS can thus be seen as an enabling factor for re-engineering of complete terahertz radar systems, for the first time fabricated as miniaturized monolithic integrated circuits. Rapid commercial deployment of monolithic terahertz radar chips, furthermore, depends on the accuracy of transistor modeling at these frequencies. Considerations such as fabrication and modeling of passives and antennas, as well as packaging of complete systems, are closely related to the two main contributions of this paper and are also reviewed here. Finally, this paper probes active terahertz circuits that have already been reported and that have the potential to be deployed in a re-engineered terahertz radar sensor system and attempts to predict future directions in re-engineering of monolithic radar sensors.

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Getting Ready for Terahertz Electronics

Božanić

Sinha

2020

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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MEMS-based uncooled THz detectors for staring imagers

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Technology trend in real-time, uncooled image sensors for sub-THz and THz wave detection

Technology trend in real-time, uncooled image sensors for sub-THz and THz wave detection

Emerging Transistor Technologies Capable of Terahertz Amplification: A Way to Re-Engineer Terahertz Radar Sensors

Getting Ready for Terahertz Electronics

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