Menacing Mold: Recent Advances in Aspergillus Pathogenesis and Host Defense

Tischler, Benjamin Y.; Hohl, Tobias M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.027

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…In fact, the A. niger spore could be more resistant to cavitation than other microorganisms due to the differences in the composition of its multilayer cell wall. A. niger conidium cell is composed of a multi layered polysaccharide-rich wall, covered by a proteinaceous, highly hydrophobic layer of rodlets (hydrophobins), which conceals an underlying, dense, pigmented layer, composed of melanin [35] . Melanin is related to an adaptation of fungi whereby they are able to resist environmental stress since this pigment is known to increase cell wall rigidity, which could improve its resistance to ultrasonic mechanical stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of supercritical CO2 and high-power ultrasound for the inactivation of fungal and bacterial spores in lipid emulsions

Gomez-Gomez

Fuente

Gallegos

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights SC-CO 2 at temperatures > 60 °C was effective to inactivate spores in lipid emulsions. C. butyricum spores were more resistant to the SC-CO 2 treatments than A. niger spores. HPU intensified the inactivation of C. butyricum spores while no effect was found on A. niger. Higher temperatures increase the SC-CO 2 + HPU spore inactivation. Pressure increase improved SC-CO 2 + HPU spore inactivation up to 350 bar.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of supercritical CO2 and high-power ultrasound for the inactivation of fungal and bacterial spores in lipid emulsions

Gomez-Gomez

Fuente

Gallegos

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Fungal pathogens represent a substantial public health risk with more than one million attributable fatalities worldwide annually (Tischler and Hohl 2019 ). In our study, potential fungal pathogens accounted for 10.12% of the total number of fungi, such as Mrakia , Stachybotrys , Scopulariopsis , Cladosporium , Chrysosporium , and Aspergillus .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

Gao

Yang

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Recent studies on the microbial community composition of human excrement after rural household toilet treatment are unclear regarding the effects and risks of using recycled products as fertilizers in agriculture. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community structure of the excrement from 50 Chinese rural household toilets on a spatial scale, and we evaluated the impact of select geochemical factors on the bacterial and fungal communities in the human excrement. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant spatial differentiation of the human excrement in microbial communities after all toilet treatments. Twenty dry toilet samples and thirty septic tank samples had similar bacterial (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) and fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), differing only in the proportions of the microorganisms. For both dry toilet samples and septic tank samples, the pH and ammonium nitrogen were found to be the major driving forces affecting the changes in bacterial community structures ( p <0.05), while there was no correlation found for the fungal community with environmental factors in China ( p >0.05), except in the northern regions, where the total phosphorus was found to be significantly correlated with the fungal community ( p <0.05). Network analysis confirmed that NH 4 + -N had the most significant impact on the content of pathogens. Certain pathogens were still detected after toilet treatment, such as Streptococcus , Bacteroides , Aspergillus , and Chrysosporium , and the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria in dry toilets was higher than that in septic tanks, suggesting that septic tanks were better than dry toilets in treating human excrement. These results provide an ecological perspective for understanding the large-scale geographic distribution of household excrement microbial communities in rural areas and for improving human excrement treatment technologies and avoiding the risks of agricultural applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-13779-9.

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“…Copper is also known as a virulence factor of A. fumigatus, and deletion of AfMac1, which is a transcription activator of the copper regulon, results in loss of virulence [ 11 , 14 ]. During infection, pathogens find a way to overcome host protection systems, and zinc starvation is a host protection system [ 9 , 56 , 57 ]. Upregulation of copper metabolism is a way to overcome zinc starvation caused by the host and may prolong the survival of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Zinc in Copper Homeostasis of Aspergillus fumigatus

Kang

Seo

Moon

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Copper is an essential metal ion that performs many physiological functions in living organisms. Deletion of Afmac1, which is a copper-responsive transcriptional activator in A. fumigatus, results in a growth defect on aspergillus minimal medium (AMM). Interestingly, we found that zinc starvation suppressed the growth defect of the Δafmac1 strain on AMM. In addition, the growth defect of the Δafmac1 strain was recovered by copper supplementation or introduction of the CtrC gene into the Δafmac1 strain. However, chelation of copper by addition of BCS to AMM failed to recover the growth defect of the Δafmac1 strain. Through Northern blot analysis, we found that zinc starvation upregulated CtrC and CtrA2, which encode membrane copper transporters. Interestingly, we found that the conserved ZafA binding motif 5′-CAA(G)GGT-3′ was present in the upstream region of CtrC and CtrA2 and that mutation of the binding motif led to failure of ZafA binding to the upstream region of CtrC and upregulation of CtrC expression under zinc starvation. Furthermore, the binding activity of ZafA to the upstream region of CtrC was inversely proportional to the zinc concentration, and copper inhibited the binding of ZafA to the upstream region of CtrC under a low zinc concentration. Taken together, these results suggest that ZafA upregulates copper metabolism by binding to the ZafA binding motif in the CtrC promoter region under low zinc concentration, thus regulating copper homeostasis. Furthermore, we found that copper and zinc interact in cells to maintain metal homeostasis.

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Menacing Mold: Recent Advances in Aspergillus Pathogenesis and Host Defense

Cited by 42 publications

References 151 publications

Combination of supercritical CO2 and high-power ultrasound for the inactivation of fungal and bacterial spores in lipid emulsions

Combination of supercritical CO2 and high-power ultrasound for the inactivation of fungal and bacterial spores in lipid emulsions

The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China

The Role of Zinc in Copper Homeostasis of Aspergillus fumigatus

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