Menstrual cycle irregularities and their relationship with HbA1c and insulin dose in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Gaete, Ximena; Vivanco, Maritza; Eyzaguirre, Francisca; López, Patricia; Rhumie, Hana K.; Unanue, Nancy; Codner, Ethel

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.08.039

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This value of prevalence was higher than that previously reported by Schroeder et al (18) The results of previous investigations have found that a high BMI, large insulin doses, a high serum HbA1c level, a large LH/FSH ratio and a low SHBG level are all associated with menstrual irregularities in adolescent girls with T1DM (15,18,50). However, Gaete et al (15) reported that the prevalence of oligomenorrhoea in girls with T1DM whose serum HbA1c levels below 7.6% is similar to that found in girls with T1DM, whose serum HbA1c levels are greater than 9%. In the adolescent girls with T1DM, we found that their glycaemic control was correlated with their hyperandrogenism.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…The mean Ferriman-Gallwey score in obese girls with hirsutism was 10.6 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The prevalence of T2DM or obesity in first-degree family members of the obese girls with hirsutism was not significantly different from that found in the obese girls without hirsutism (T2DM: 25.7 vs 15%; P!0.19 and obesity: 45.7 vs 41.7%; P!0.7).…”

Section: Obese Adolescent Girlsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Although the prevalence of hirsutism in the European Caucasian girls with T1DM was lower than that of the T1DM girls of other ethnic origins, this difference was not statistically significant (13 vs 28%; PZ0.11). The mean Ferriman-Gallwey score in the girls with T1DM and hirsutism was 13.4 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). The prevalence of T2DM and obesity in first-degree family members of the girls with T1DM and hirsutism was higher, but not statistically significant, than that of the girls with T1DM and without hirsutism (T2DM: 33 vs 11.7%; PO0.05 and obesity: 20 vs 6%; P!0.1).…”

Section: Adolescent Girls With T1dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In women with T1DM, menstrual disorders have been associated with poor glycaemic control (15,17,18), weight gain (4) and high-insulin doses (15). However, Escobar-Morreale et al (5) did not find a significant difference in glycaemic control and insulin doses in hyperandrogenic and nonhyperandrogenic women with T1DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since hirsutism and menstrual disturbances are two clinical phenomena that are usually secondary to hyperandrogenaemia, the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese women and those with T1DM would be expected to be higher than those found in the general female population (12,13,14,15,16). In women with T1DM, menstrual disorders have been associated with poor glycaemic control (15,17,18), weight gain (4) and high-insulin doses (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite different hormonal profiles

Samara-Boustani

Colmenares

Elie

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objectives: To compare the pubertal development, the hormonal profiles and the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorders in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Data were collected from 96 obese adolescent girls and 78 adolescent girls with T1DM at Tanner stage IV or V, whose ages ranged between 11.9 and 17.9 years. Results: High prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual disorder was found in the obese adolescent girls (36.5 and 42% respectively) and the adolescent girls with T1DM (21 and 44% respectively). The obese girls were significantly younger at pubarche, thelarche and menarche than the girls with T1DM. Hirsutism in the obese girls and those with T1DM was associated with hyperandrogenaemia and a raised free androgen index (FAI). When the cause of the raised FAI was investigated in both the groups of girls with hirsutism, the raised FAI in the obese girls was due to low serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. In contrast, the raised FAI of the girls with T1DM and hirsutism was due to hyperandrogenaemia. Menstrual disorders in the T1DM girls were associated also with hyperandrogenaemia unlike obese girls. Conclusions: Hirsutism and menstrual disorders are common in obese adolescent girls and adolescent girls with T1DM. Although hyperandrogenaemia is present in both groups of girls, the androgenic profiles of the two groups differ. The hyperandrogenaemia in the obese girls is primarily due to their decreased serum SHBG levels, whereas the hyperandrogenaemia in the girls with T1DM is due to their increased androgen production.

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