Mental disorder and comorbidity among runaway and homeless adolescents

Whitbeck, Les B.; Johnson, Katherine M.; Hoyt, Dan R.; Cauce, Ana Mari

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.011

Cited by 83 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Youths should be screened across the spectrum of suicidality (from thoughts of death and suicide to plans and attempted suicide) and both internalizing and externalizing problems. Although conduct disorder and substance abuse are relatively common among homeless adolescents (e.g., Whitbeck et al 2004a), these externalizing problems should not be overlooked because they might be indicators of suicidality. These young people should be offered appropriate therapeutic interventions that are comprehensive and draw on their strengths (Karabanow and Clement 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an appropriate sample as research has shown that both suicidality and psychological disorders are more common among homeless adolescents than among community-dwelling youths (Kamieniecki 2001;Whitbeck et al 2004a). For homeless adolescents, lifetime suicide attempt rates have ranged from 18% (Yates et al 1988) to 53% (Smart and Ogborne 1994), and lifetime suicidal ideation rates have been as high as 28% (Booth and Zhang 1996) to 62% (Unger et al 1997).…”

Section: Contributions Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dimensional Model of Psychopathology Among Homeless Adolescents: Suicidality, Internalizing, and Externalizing Disorders

Yoder

Longley

Whitbeck

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The present study examined associations among dimensions of suicidality and psychopathology in a sample of 428 homeless adolescents (56.3% female). Confirmatory factor analysis results provided support for a three-factor model in which suicidality (measured with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts), internalizing disorders (assessed with lifetime diagnoses of major depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder), and externalizing disorders (indicated by lifetime diagnoses of conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse) were positively intercorrelated. The findings illustrate the utility of a dimensional approach that integrates suicidality and psychopathology into one model. KeywordsPsychopathology; Suicidality; Internalizing; Externalizing; Homeless adolescents Dimensions of adolescent suicidality and psychopathology are of increased concern to clinicians and researchers (Bridge et al. 2006;Verona et al. 2004). This interest can be attributed to the relatively high prevalence of adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts (Evans et al. 2005) and to suicide being the third leading cause of death among youths ages 15-24 in the USA (Hoyert et al. 2006). Research also indicates both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts increase the risk for completed suicide (Brown et al. 2000). This pattern of increased liability for suicide risk has led to a broader conceptualization of a suicide spectrum ranging from suicidal ideation to attempted and completed suicide (Lewinsohn et al. 1996).Moreover, psychiatric disorders are among the strongest correlates of adolescent suicidality (Bridge et al. 2006). Mood disorders are robust correlates, but post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorders are also associated with suicidality (Bridge et al. 2006;Evans et al. 2004). Krueger (1999), informed by the work of Achenbach (Achenbach and McConaughy 1997), developed a dimensional model of psychopathology and clustered psychiatric diagnoses into internalizing and externalizing disorders. As specific psychiatric disorders from both clusters are related to suicidal ideation and attempts, there is interest in linking the suicide spectrum to these broader dimensions of psychopathology (Hills et al. 2005;Verona et al. 2004).Our study expands on this work by including the internalizing and externalizing dimensions of psychopathology in a structural model of adolescent suicidality using a sample of homeless adolescents. Suicidality is measured with lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, internalizing psychopathology with lifetime diagnoses of major depressive episode and posttraumatic stress disorder, and externalizing psychopathology with lifetime diagnoses of conduct disorder, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse. We use confirmatory factor analysis to examine covariances among dimensions of suicidality, internalizing, and externalizing disorders. Internalizing and Externalizing DisordersAchenbach used an empirical approach to derive two broad dimensions (internalizing...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contributions Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dimensional Model of Psychopathology Among Homeless Adolescents: Suicidality, Internalizing, and Externalizing Disorders

Yoder

Longley

Whitbeck

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…The experiences of street life provide much to exacerbate existing psychological symptoms and little or nothing to ameliorate them. Indeed, if not symptomatic, street life may induce symptoms of depression and symptoms associated with traumatic stress (Whitbeck, Johnson, Hoyt, & Cauce, 2004).…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents

Whitbeck¹,

Hoyt

Johnson³

et al. 2007

Violence Vict

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This article presents lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates and comorbidity for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of 428 homeless and runaway adolescents. Data are from baseline interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 (187 males; 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16–19 years (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.05). The data were collected by full-time street interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. About one-third (35.5%) of the runaways met lifetime criteria for PTSD and 16.1% met 12-month criteria for the disorder. More than 90% of the adolescents who met criteria for PTSD met criteria for at least one of the other four diagnoses. Multivariate analyses indicated that correlates of PTSD were age of adolescent, being female, having experienced serious physical abuse and/or sexual abuse from an adult caretaker, and having been assaulted or injured by weapon when on the street. The multiplicative interaction between sexual abuse by caretaker and sexual assault when the adolescents were on their own was statistically significant, indicating that rape victims were highly likely to meet criteria for PTSD regardless of early sexual abuse. At very high levels of early sexual abuse, the probability of meeting criteria for PTSD converges with that for sexual assault victims.

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“…Ils seraient particulièrement plus hostiles (surtout les hommes), souffriraient plus de somatisation et d'anxiété phobique (surtout les femmes) et auraient plus d'idéations paranoïdes (surtout les femmes) que les normes établies au test (IBS). Cette plus haute prévalence de problèmes de santé mentale converge avec celle rapportée dans la littérature (Whitebeck, Johnson, Hoyt et Cauce, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

L’impulsivité liée à la consommation et aux pratiques sexuelles chez des jeunes de la rue

Khouri

Gagnon

2013

dss

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Les jeunes de la rue présentent des comportements à risque liés à la consommation et à des comportements sexuels ayant des implications majeures sur leur santé et leur sécurité. En plus des problèmes de santé mentale, les traits impulsifs de la personnalité peuvent être un facteur de risque important par rapport à plusieurs de ces comportements problématiques.La présente étude visait d’abord à dresser un portrait des jeunes de la rue, puis à vérifier la valeur de prédiction des traits impulsifs de la personnalité sur les comportements à risque au-delà des problèmes de santé mentale. 31 jeunes de la rue ont été soumis à l’UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale mesurant cinq dimensions de l’impulsivité, ainsi qu’à d’autres instruments mesurant les problèmes de santé mentale (IBS), la consommation d’alcool et de drogues (DÉBA-Alcool/Drogues) et les comportements sexuels à risque (RBS).Les jeunes de la rue rapportent plusieurs problèmes significatifs de santé mentale, plusieurs problématiques liées à la consommation d’alcool et de drogues, ainsi que plusieurs comportements sexuels à risque. Concernant la valeur de prédiction des traits impulsifs de la personnalité, les analyses de régression démontrent que l’Urgence positive contribue de manière unique à prédiction de la dépendance et des conséquences négatives associées à la consommation d’alcool alors que la Recherche de sensations n’est pas associée de manière significative à aucun des comportements à risque. De plus, seul le manque de Persévérance contribue de manière unique à la prédiction des conséquences négatives associées à la consommation de drogues, alors que seul le manque de Préméditation est associé significativement à la quantité d’alcool consommée. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance d’évaluer et d’intervenir sur les traits impulsifs de la personnalité de manière à augmenter l’efficacité des interventions de prévention des comportements à risque chez les jeunes de la rue.Substance use and unsafe sex are dangerous behaviors that greatly impact street youths’ health and security. In addition to mental health issues, impulsive personality traits can be a significant risk factor to several of these problem behaviors.The primary objective of this study was to draw a portrait of street youth, and then verify the predictive value of impulsive personality traits on risky behaviors over and above mental health issues. Thirty-one street youth answered the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, which measures five dimensions of impulsivity, and other instruments which measure mental health problems (BSI), alcohol and drug use (ASAN-Alcohol/Drugs) and risky sexual behaviors (RBS).Street youth mention various significant mental health issues, multiple alcohol and drug-related problems, as well as numerous risky sexual behaviors. As for the predictive value of impulsive personality traits, regression analyses show positive Urgency as the best unique predictor of alcohol dependence and negative consequences related to it, while Sensation seeking is not significantly related to...

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Mental disorder and comorbidity among runaway and homeless adolescents

Cited by 83 publications

References 27 publications

A Dimensional Model of Psychopathology Among Homeless Adolescents: Suicidality, Internalizing, and Externalizing Disorders

A Dimensional Model of Psychopathology Among Homeless Adolescents: Suicidality, Internalizing, and Externalizing Disorders

Victimization and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents

L’impulsivité liée à la consommation et aux pratiques sexuelles chez des jeunes de la rue

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