“…Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a debilitating long-term disorder that is strongly associated with substance use problems and other risks of harm to self and others (Black, Baumgard, Bell, 1995;Cleckley, 1941;Eronen, Hakola, & Tiihonen, 1996;Lewis, Rice, & Helzer, 1983;Schuckit, Klein, Twitchell, & Smith, 1994;Vaillant, 1975). Prevalence rates of APD in the general population range between 2% and 4% (Kessler et al, 1994), which are considerably lower than the 25% to 50% rates reported in treatment-seeking drug-dependent patients (Brooner, King, Kidorf, Schmidt, & Bigelow, 1997;Compton et al, 2000, Compton, Conway, Stinson, Colliver, & Grant, 2005Khantzian & Treece, 1985;Kosten, Rounsaville, & Kleber, 1982).…”