Mental disorders and subsequent suicide events in a representative community population

Adhikari, Kamala; Metcalfe, Amy; Bulloch, Andrew G. M.; Williams, Jeanne V.A.; Patten, Scott B.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.053

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the prevalence of depressive episodes was similar at the two sites and was the second leading diagnosis at each: 20.2% of the diagnoses involved depressive episodes at KK and 20.3% of the diagnoses involved depressive episodes at UHG (rising to 39.3% of the UHG cohort who were admitted to psychiatry, where it was the most common diagnosis). Substance misuse is an established risk factor for self-harm and suicidal behaviours, so finding high amounts of this diagnosis are congruent with the literature [ 13 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Suicidal ideation and behaviours may be associated with various mental disorders, including major depression, adjustment disorders and borderline personality disorder [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Borderline personality disorder in particular carries a high risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviours, as well as an elevated risk of dying by suicide [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Presentations with Self-Harm to Hospital in Lithuania and Ireland

Kamal

McGovern

Kunideliene

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Suicide is a serious problem globally, especially in Europe, with suicide rates varying between different countries. Self-harm is a known risk factor for dying by suicide and represents an opportunity to intervene in order to treat any associated mental illness and reduce risk. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of people presenting to hospital with self-harm at two clinical sites: Galway, Ireland and Kaunas, Lithuania. Data were obtained from the services’ database and anonymised for analysis. Over a 5-month period, 89 patients presented with self-harm at the Lithuanian site and 224 patients presented with self-harm at the Irish site. This study found significant differences in presentation, diagnosis and treatment between the two sites. All patients at the Lithuanian site were admitted to psychiatry, compared to 22% of patients at the Irish site (p < 0.001). In Lithuania, the main clinical diagnoses were adjustment disorder (37.1%) and major depression (20.2%), compared to substance misuse being the main clinical diagnosis (33.8%) in Ireland (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the prescription of psychotropic medications (which were three times more commonly prescribed at the Lithuanian site) after controlling for age, gender and psychiatric history (p < 0.001). Further research is required to understand the cultural context behind and further association between hospitalisation and future death by suicide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Presentations with Self-Harm to Hospital in Lithuania and Ireland

Kamal

McGovern

Kunideliene

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The CVSD provided the International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Revision, Canadian Modification (ICD-9-CA and ICD-10-CA) codes for the underlying cause of death [ 31 ]. After linkage with CVSD, a dichotomous variable for all-cause mortality was created.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality in adulthood: a population-based study

Bhattarai,

Dimitropoulos,

Bulloch

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background The association of childhood adversities with mortality has rarely been explored, and even less studied is the question of whether any excess mortality may be potentially preventable. This study examined the association between specific childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality (PPAM) in adulthood in a representative sample of the general population. Also, we examined whether the associations were potentially mediated by various adult socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Methods The study used data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS-1994) linked to the Canadian Vital Statistics Database (CVSD 1994–2014) available from Statistics Canada. The NPHS interview retrospectively assessed childhood exposure to prolonged hospitalization, parental divorce, prolonged parental unemployment, prolonged trauma, parental problematic substance use, physical abuse, and being sent away from home for doing something wrong. An existing definition of PPAM, consisting of causes of death considered preventable or treatable before age 75, was used. Competing cause survival models were used to examine the associations of specific childhood adversities with PPAM in adulthood among respondents aged 18 to 74 years (rounded n = 11,035). Results During the 20-year follow-up, 5.4% of the sample died prematurely of a cause that was considered potentially avoidable. Childhood adversities had a differential effect on mortality. Physical abuse (age-adjusted sub-hazard ratio; SHR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03, 2.00) and being sent away from home (age-adjusted SHR 2.26; 95% CI 1.43,3.57) were significantly associated with PPAM. The associations were attenuated when adjusted for adulthood factors, namely smoking, poor perceived health, depression, low perceived social support, and low income, consistent with possible mediating effects. Other adversities under study were not associated with PPAM. Conclusion The findings imply that the psychological sequelae of childhood physical abuse and being sent away from home and subsequent uptake of adverse health behavior may lead to increased risk of potentially avoidable mortality. The potential mediators identified offer directions for future research to perform causal mediation analyses with suitable data and identify interventions aimed at preventing premature mortality due to potentially avoidable causes. Other forms of adversities, mostly related to household dysfunction, may not be determinants of the distal health outcome of mortality.

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“…Moreover, these disorders are very often associated with cognitive impairments. Untreated or badly-diagnosed mental illnesses lead to a decreased quality of life, difficulties with social functioning, alcohol or drug addictions, and a higher risk of suicide [ 1 ]. Unfortunately, the prevalence of mental health problems and cognitive deficits has increased significantly in the past few years [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Multimodal Salicylamide Derivative with Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic-like, Antipsychotic-like, and Anti-Amnesic Activity in Mice

et al. 2023

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Depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia may coexist in psychiatric patients. Moreover, these disorders are very often associated with cognitive impairments. However, pharmacotherapy of these conditions remains challenging due to limited drug effectiveness or numerous side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel multimodal compounds that can be used to treat depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, as well as memory deficits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, antipsychotic-like effects, and anti-amnesic properties, of the novel arylpiperazine derivative of salicylamide, JJGW07, with an affinity towards serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT7 and dopamine D2 receptors. Firstly, we investigated the compound’s affinity for 5-HT6 receptors and its functional activity by using in vitro assays. JJGW07 did not bind to 5-HT6 receptors and showed antagonistic properties for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7, and D2 receptors. Based on the receptor profile, we performed behavioral studies in mice to evaluate the antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, and antipsychotic-like activity of the tested compound using forced swim and tail suspension tests; four-plate, marble-burying, and elevated plus maze tests; and MK-801- and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion tests, respectively. JJGW07 revealed antidepressant-like properties in the tail suspension test, anxiolytic-like effects in the four-plate and marble-burying tests, and antipsychotic-like activity in the MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion test. Importantly, the tested compound did not induce catalepsy and motor impairments or influence locomotor activity in rodents. Finally, to assess the potential procognitive and anti-amnesic properties of JJGW07, we used passive avoidance and object recognition tests in mice. JJGW07 demonstrated positive effects on long-term emotional memory and also ameliorated MK-801-induced emotional memory impairments in mice, but showed no procognitive properties in the case of recognition memory. Our results encourage the search for new compounds among salicylamide derivatives, which could be model structures with multitarget mechanisms of action that could be used in psychiatric disorder therapy.

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Mental disorders and subsequent suicide events in a representative community population

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

A Comparison of Presentations with Self-Harm to Hospital in Lithuania and Ireland

A Comparison of Presentations with Self-Harm to Hospital in Lithuania and Ireland

Association between childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality in adulthood: a population-based study

Novel Multimodal Salicylamide Derivative with Antidepressant-like, Anxiolytic-like, Antipsychotic-like, and Anti-Amnesic Activity in Mice

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