Mesenchymal dental stem cells in regenerative dentistry

Abstract

In the last decade, tissue engineering is a field that has been suffering an enormous expansion in the regenerative medicine and dentistry. The use of cells as mesenchymal dental stem cells of easy access for dentist and oral surgeon, immunosuppressive properties, high proliferation and capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts and other cells implicated in the teeth, suppose a good perspective of future in the clinical dentistry. However, is necessary advance in the known of growth factors and signalling molecules implicated in tooth development and regeneration of different structures of teeth. Furthermore, these cells need a fabulous scaffold that facility their integration, differentiation, matrix synthesis and promote multiple specific interactions between cells. In this review, we give a brief description of tooth development and anatomy, definition and classification of stem cells, with special attention of mesenchymal stem cells, commonly used in the cellular therapy for their trasdifferentiation ability, non ethical problems and acceptable results in preliminary clinical trials. In terms of tissue engineering, we provide an overview of different types of mesenchymal stem cells that have been isolated from teeth, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), growth factors implicated in regeneration teeth and types of scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration. Key words:Dental stem cells, regenerative dentistry, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, stem cells.

The role of oncostatin M regulates osteoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through STAT3 pathway

“…Comparison of their multipotency with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), has demonstrated that proliferation, availability, and cell number of DPSCs were more elevated than for bone marrow MSCs (Huang et al 2009;Alge et al 2010). Moreover, DPSCs can easily be isolated from human pulp tissue and do not cause ethical and technical problems (Rodríguez-Lozano et al 2012). Thus, the determination of the molecular, responsible signal of DPSCs differentiation in the process, may provide a powerful tool for clinicians on the appropriate application of regenerative therapy for the regeneration of these cells.…”

Dental Stem Cells Characterization and Bone Regenerative Potential in Oral Medicine

“…These stem cells demonstrated positive results in what concerns the formation of dentin pulp-like complex [11,16,23,54].…”

“…Associated with PDLSCs, SCAPs were able to form a root-like structure when seeded onto hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds and implanted in pig jaws [52,54].…”

Perspectives on regeneration of alveolar bone defects

“…Investigators are searching for the "ideal scaffold" to facilitate the growth, integration and differentiation of stem cells [44]. The best scaffold for engineered tissue should be the ECM of the target tissue in its native state because ECM components specifically modulate MSC adhesion, migration, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation [45,46].…”