Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles

Cai, Haidong; Guo, Hai-dong

doi:10.3390/ijms24032085

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 361 publications

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“…Further, although, based on the current data, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) could be enriched with immunomodulatory components ( 371 , 372 ), it should be confirmed practically in proper autoimmune disease models and human cases that it has a real functional impact. Despite increasing data that EVs are potent immunomodulators in mimicking their producer cells ( 146 , 207 , 373 ), it is yet to be confirmed whether EVs are superior to their producer cells and, if so, which subtype of EVs is preferred for different autoimmune diseases. Upon defining the GMP-compatible protocols and standardization, the next step will be designing the procedures for preparing modified disease-specific EVs with ideal functional properties ( 374 ).…”

Section: Prospective Future: Msc-evs Vs Mscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

et al. 2023

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The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases’ vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs’ unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.

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Section: Prospective Future: Msc-evs Vs Mscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

et al. 2023

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“…A variety of different molecular factors involved in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs open up wide possibilities for its regulation. In existing protocols for chondrogenic differentiation, growth factors, mainly TGF-β, BMP, IGF, and FGF, are usually It has been shown that the exosomes and extracellular vesicles of MSCs (MSC-Exos and MSC-EVs, respectively) have similar functions to MSC transplantation [49]. BMSC-EVs enhanced the expression of chondrogenic genes, type II collagen, and SOX9, and promoted the phenotypic transformation of synovial macrophages from M1 to M2 in cell cultures of RAW264.7 cells and chondrocytes [50].…”

Section: Peptides That Stimulate Chondrogenic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation

Linkova

Khavinson

Diatlova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The search for innovative ways to treat osteoarthritis (OA) is an urgent task for molecular medicine and biogerontology. OA leads to disability in persons of middle and older age, while safe and effective methods of treating OA have not yet been discovered. The directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes is considered one of the possible methods to treat OA. This review describes the main molecules involved in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. The peptides synthesized on the basis of growth factors’ structures (SK2.1, BMP, B2A, and SSPEPS) and components of the extracellular matrix of cartilage tissue (LPP, CFOGER, CMP, RDG, and N-cadherin mimetic peptide) offer the greatest promise for the regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. These peptides regulate the WNT, ERK-p38, and Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathways, gene expression, and the synthesis of chondrogenic differentiation proteins such as COL2, SOX9, ACAN, etc.

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“…MSCs are cells that can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dental pulp, umbilical cord and placenta, peripheral blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells. They have unique abilities of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation ( Cai and Guo, 2023 ). MSCs are abundant and can be extracted autologously, cultured ex vivo , and then transplanted back into the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial reconstruction: a comprehensive review

Zheng,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Craniofacial reconstruction faces many challenges, including high complexity, strong specificity, severe injury, irregular and complex wounds, and high risk of bleeding. Traditionally, the “gold standard” for treating craniofacial bone defects has been tissue transplantation, which involves the transplantation of bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues from other parts of the body. However, the shape of craniofacial bone and cartilage structures varies greatly and is distinctly different from ordinary long bones. Craniofacial bones originate from the neural crest, while long bones originate from the mesoderm. These factors contribute to the poor effectiveness of tissue transplantation in repairing craniofacial defects. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exhibits excellent pluripotency, low immunogenicity, and minimally invasive properties, and is considered a potential alternative to tissue transplantation for treating craniofacial defects. Researchers have found that both craniofacial-specific mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from other parts of the body have significant effects on the restoration and reconstruction of craniofacial bones, cartilage, wounds, and adipose tissue. In addition, the continuous development and application of tissue engineering technology provide new ideas for craniofacial repair. With the continuous exploration of mesenchymal stem cells by researchers and the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for craniofacial reconstruction has gradually been accepted and promoted. This article will review the applications of various types of mesenchymal stem cells and related tissue engineering in craniofacial repair and reconstruction.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles

Cited by 9 publications

References 361 publications

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial reconstruction: a comprehensive review

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