Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Healthy and Diseased Human Gingiva Support Osteogenesis on Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting almost half of the adult US population. Gingiva is an integral part of the periodontium and has recently been identified as a source of adult gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Given the prevalence of periodontitis, the purpose of this study is to evaluate differences between GMSCs derived from healthy and diseased gingival tissues and explore their potential in bone engineering. Primary clonal cell lines were established from harvested healthy and diseased gingival and characterized for expression of known stem-cell markers and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Finally, they were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and evaluated for attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Flow cytometry demonstrated cells isolated from healthy and diseased gingiva met the criteria defining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, GMSCs from diseased tissue showed decreased colony-forming unit efficiency, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, weaker osteoblast mineralization, and greater propensity to differentiate into adipocytes than their healthy counterparts. When cultured on electrospun PCL scaffolds, GMSCs from both sources showed robust attachment and proliferation over a 7-day period; they exhibited high mineralization as well as strong expression of alkaline phosphatase. Our results show preservation of ‘stemness’ and osteogenic potential of GMSC even in the presence of disease, opening up the possibility of using routinely discarded, diseased gingival tissue as an alternate source of adult MSCs.

Treatment of intrabony defects with modified perforated membranes in aggressive periodontitis: subtraction radiography outcomes, prognostic variables, and patient morbidity

“…Seventy-three percent (11) of patients after GTR with MPM and 66% (10) patients after GTR with CM mentioned eating impairment, while the respective values for problems with speaking were 53% (8) and 60% (9). Fifty-three percent (8) of patients reported some interferences with daily activities while 46% (7) little interferences with work. Overall, there were no significant differences when it comes to early postoperative morbidity between surgical treatment with MPM or CM.…”

Combining Stem Cells and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Constructing Tissues and Cell Delivery

“…Poly caprolactone (PCL), a popular low-cost polymer with an extended degradation rate, can be used to form a wide range of scaffolds with different properties, including novel topographies and controlled release, for applications in tissue engineering as reviewed recently [230]. These scaffolds are often fabricated using both solution and melt electrospinning, and then seeded with stem cells to engineer tissues, including cartilage, nerve, muscle, and bone [231][232][233][234][235]. Figure 5 shows an example of how such scaffolds can be combined with adipose-derived stem cells to produce fat tissue as well as how topographical cues can influence stem cell behavior [236].…”

Development of a Novel Medical Device for Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis Treatment

“…It is worthy to underline that the developed electromedical device can be useful not only in peri-implantitis therapy, but also in the case of inflammations occurring around a natural tooth which should be treated (i.e., periodontitis [65]), since the inflammation mechanism is the same.…”