Mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) of bone marrow (BM) origin not only provide the supportive microenvironmental niche for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but are also capable of differentiating into various cell types of mesenchymal origin, such as bone, fat, and cartilage. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that MSCs have low inherent immunogenicity, modulate/suppress immunological responses through interactions with immune cells, and home to damaged tissues to participate in regeneration processes through their diverse biological properties. MSCs derived from BM are being evaluated for a wide range of clinical applications including disorders as diverse as myocardial infarction or newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type-1. However, their use in HSC transplantation, either for enhancement of hematopoietic engraftment or for treatment/prevention of graft versus host disease, is far ahead of other indications. Ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion of MSCs, combined with their intriguing immunomodulatory properties, and their impressive record of safety in a wide variety of clinical trials make these cells promising candidates for further investigation.

Replenishing exosomes from older bone marrow stromal cells with miR-340 inhibits myeloma-related angiogenesis

“…Exosomes derived from BMSCs have low inherent immunogenicity because of composition similar to that of the body's own cells. 30 The use of BMSC exosomes is therefore especially promising for exosome-based cancer therapy. There are 2 purposes in our study.…”

Retracted:Promoting the Recovery of Injured Liver with Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate-Co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate) Scaffolds Loaded with Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…13,14 MSCs were widely tested for tissue engineering in vitro, in animals and clinical trials. 15,16 They were recently isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs). 17 WJ-MSCs are more primitive than those isolated from other tissues.…”

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Constructs on Immunophenotype of Macrophages

“…9 Most recently, unique immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, such as their potential use across HLA barriers, have been an area of active investigation as such properties make them of much more value in regenerative medicine. [10][11][12][13] Although immunomodulatory properties of MSCs have been extensively studied in the context of their interactions with adaptive immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, 14,15 their potential interactions with innate immune cells, such as macrophages, is not as well understood. Our group has recently shown that in the presence of MSCs in vitro, human macrophages not only express a higher level of cell surface marker CD206, but also assume other characteristics of anti-inflammatory type-II macrophages.…”