Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options. MSCs are emerging as potential therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical application of MSCs in rare cases of severe disease in which other existing treatment modalities have failed, have demonstrated potential use in treating multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review explores the biological mechanisms behind the role of MSCs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. It also covers their immunomodulatory capabilities, potential therapeutic applications, and the challenges and risks associated with MSC therapy.

The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Mesenchymal stromal cells represent a population of multipotent progenitor stromal cells characterised by their capacity for self-renewal. Upon exposure to the appropriate stimuli, MSCs can differentiate into various specialised cell lineages derived from the mesenchyme, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, tenocytes, and ligamentocytes [ 4 , 5 ]. The human zygote-stage embryo displays totipotent characteristics, enabling the generation of both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues [ 6 ].…”

“…MSCs can recruit and regulate T cells through both direct cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signalling pathways. The paracrine effects of MSCs are attributed to the release of various molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines with anti-inflammatory properties, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles containing bioactive components, such as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) [ 4 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Additional research has also demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released by stem cells (MSC-EVs) exhibit immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory characteristics [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Perspectivas Contemporâneas No Tratamento Multidisciplinar De Doenças Autoimunes

“…2020)sugere especialmente que a IL-17A como possível biomarcador de atividade de doenças autoimunes sistêmicas.Outra abordagem no tratamento de pacientes com doenças autoimunes destacam as células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) devido às suas propriedades imunomoduladoras e capacidades regenerativas. As MSCs têm o potencial de suprimir respostas imunológicas, reduzir inflamações e contribuir para a regeneração tecidual(Zaripova et al, 2023).Uma pesquisa conduzia por Cavalcante (2020) destaca o potencial terapêutico das células-tronco mesenquimais. Essa modalidade de tratamento, apresenta benefícios potenciais, como a produção em larga escala.…”