Mesenteric Panniculitis: A comprehensive review of imaging, clinical associations, and treatment approaches

Abstract

Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is an uncommon inflammatory condition centered on the root of the mesentery. Modern MRI is the optimal imaging technique for MP, and the sequence that most consistently demonstrates it is 3-D out-of-phase T1 gradient echo imaging. MP is invariably seen in the setting of inflammation of the upper digestive tract, most notably the jejunum. At least 10% of individuals with the (Splanchnic) Metabolic Syndrome possess MP, and it is also observed with less advanced inflammatory conditions of the upper digestive tract, including irritable bowel syndrome. In this report, we describe the state of the knowledge on mesenteric panniculitis, including imaging findings on MRI. We also report the clinical picture, focused on patient aspects. MP is much more common than previously thought, reflecting the higher imaging resolution available on modern MRI.