“…In the pharmaceutical industry, silica is used as a carrier for some proprietary medicines [12,13,14]. In the organic chemical industry, silica acts as a catalyst for some organic reactions, helps acceleration rates, and improves reaction yields [15,16,17,18]. To meet the increasing demand for silica in industrial applications, many studies focused on the fabrication of silica from different sources [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].…”