Mesoporous ZrO₂ Nanopowder Catalysts for the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

Balancing the large surface area and high crystallinity of heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts is quite tricky. They are usually needed together to get both a large amount of active catalytic sites and high thermal stability. In this paper, the preparation of porous sulfate ZrO2 as solid acid catalysts is reported. The monolithic porous SiO2 created confined spaces in which porous ZrO2 was synthesized in it. The ZrO2 has excellent porous structure in which the specific surface area reaches 277 m2 g–1 and has good crystallinity. At the same time, they have high acid site loading (2.57 mmol g–1) upon sulfation. The sulfonic ZrO2 exhibits excellent catalytic performance when considering the dehydration of 5-HMF from d-fructose. The yield of 5-HMF is 87% for 60 min at 120 °C. Thus, this solid acid catalyst was a potential candidate for heterogeneous catalysis and biomass quick conversion.

Using taurine to increase mesopores in Ce‐based metal–organic framework for enhancing the production of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural from fructose

“…The energy density of EMF is about 33.0 MJ·L −1 , which is similar to diesel and gasoline. EMF can be applied as an excellent additive for diesel 7 . Thomas Flannelly synthesized EMF and ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol at 351 K. The reaction was catalyzed by H 2 SO 4 .…”

“…HMF has been identified as one of the most important biomassbased platform chemicals, because it can be transformed into many value-added chemicals. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] HMF can be obtained from lignocellulose derivatives. 1,2 For the conversion of abundant and cheap fructose-based biomass into HMF or its derivatives, the activity of the catalyst and the reaction media can greatly influence fructose conversion and product selectivity.…”

“…HMF has been identified as one of the most important biomass‐based platform chemicals, because it can be transformed into many value‐added chemicals 1–7 . HMF can be obtained from lignocellulose derivatives 1,2 .…”

Catalytic Activity of Mixed Al2O3-ZrO2 Oxides for Glucose Conversion into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

“…Thus, Zhang et al [46] evaluated the influence of calcination temperature for ZrO 2 , attaining total glucose conversion with a selectivity of HMF about 40%. Moreover, ZrO 2 has been frequently deposited over ordered mesoporous structures to increase surface area and improve reactant and product diffusion [52][53][54]. Likewise, aluminum oxides have been employed to dope mesoporous solids, increasing their acidity for its use as both catalyst and support.…”

Facile development and structural investigations of HAp and HAp/Ta nanostructures: Photocatalytic activity against Turq blue GL dye

“…Different types of catalysts have been used in the aforementioned processes and fields to produce suitable materials and to ensure environmental safety. Among the different types of catalysts such as homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, enzymatic catalysts and lipid enzymatic catalysts [7,8], the heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention [9][10][11][12] for application in the degradation of polluting dyes. For example, metal oxides like PdO [13,14], Ta 2 O 5 [4,15], TiO 2 [16], SnO 2 [17,18], CeO 2 [19], ZnO [20], MgO [21], α-Fe 2 O 3 [22], and Pd/HAp/Fe 3 O 4 [23], HAp-Pt [24], carbon nano tubes (CNT) [25] and graphene [26,27] are used as photocatalysts for degrading dyes.…”