Mesosphaerum suaveolens Essential Oil Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.) is a wild essential-oil-bearing plant having multiple uses in traditional medicine, perfumery, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. The present paper is the first report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens (MSLEO) and unravels its molecular mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil (EO) isolated from the leaves by hydro-distillation led to the identification of 49 constituents, accounting for 90.55% of the total oil, and β-caryophyllene (16.17%), phyllocladene (11.85%), abietatriene (11.46%), and spathulenol (7.89%) were found to be the major components. MSLEO treatment had no effect on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the EO was responsible for a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, a decrease in intracellular ROS production, and the restoration of oxidative damage by elevating the levels of endogenous antioxidative enzymes like CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MSLEO reduced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as compared to the LPS-induced group. In addition, a confocal microscopy analysis showed that MSLEO inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. The results of this experiment demonstrate that MSLEO possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential by preventing the activation of NF-κB, which, in turn, inhibits the downstream expression of other inflammatory mediators associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens may prove to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation, and targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway may be considered as an attractive approach for anti-inflammatory therapies.

Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used in alternative medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Southern DR Congo

“…However, the plant is a species that has been traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments, including stomach pain, cough, verminosis, ulcer, liver disease, fever, in uenza, nasal congestion, and in ammation in various countries, such as Brazil, Benin, India, Nigeria, and Togo [169]. The use of the plant against hemorrhoids is linked to the presence of numerous phenolic compounds isolated from its leaves and to its anti-in ammatory activity in vitro [100].…”

Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Potential and GC-MS Analysis of Chloroform Leaf Extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit

“…H. suaveolens is being used by various tribal communities in Maharashtra, Marathwada region to control and inhibit diseases. They have been regarded generally as man's first known medicine, are extensively used for bactericidal, fungicidal, anti-parasitic and cosmetic applications, in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural industries [7] stimulant carminative, antiseptic, sudorific and galactagogue [8,9]. The essential oil derived from the leaves holds the significant antimicrobial and antifungal properties.…”

Anti-oxidative effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) sprout extract in RAW 264.7 cell and cisplatin-induced testicular damage

“…Our previous study reported the anti-inflammatory effects, and not the antioxidative effect, of the aqueous BS extract (BSE) in RAW 264.7 cells and testes (Park, 2023). LPS has been widely used to induce oxidation and inflammation in various cell types (Lin et al, 1979;Mokuno et al, 1994;Mohanta et al, 2023).…”