Mesure de densité par absorption de rayonnements ionisants. Application à la caractérisation des aciers

Gaujé, P.

doi:10.1051/metal/199087121145

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A number of approaches have been proposed and studied for monitoring transformation on-line, including X-ray diffraction [4], X-ray attenuation to monitor density change [5], ultra-sonic [6], thermal and magnetic. It is well known that the electromagnetic (EM) properties of steel change significantly as the material progresses through phase transformation [7].…”

Section: Mill Rolling Stands Coiler Controlled Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Multifrequency Electromagnetic Instrument for Monitoring the Phase Transformation of Hot Strip Steel

Dickinson

Binns

Yin

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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This paper describes the development of an instrument to analyze the phase transformations of hot strip steel using an electromagnetic sensor. The sensor exploits variations in the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the steel to monitor microstructure evolution during processing. The sensor is an inductive device based on a H-shaped ferrite core, which is interrogated with a multi-frequency impedance analyzer (MFIA) containing a digital signal processor (DSP). An overview of the instrument and measurements from a range of carbon steels sample are presented. The results verify the ability of the instrument both to monitor the micro-structural changes and to reject variations in liftoff distance between the sensor and the hot strip.

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Section: Mill Rolling Stands Coiler Controlled Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Multifrequency Electromagnetic Instrument for Monitoring the Phase Transformation of Hot Strip Steel

Dickinson

Binns

Yin

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…After hot rolling water cooling is used to ensure the strip steel transforms the required proportion of ferrite, typically 80% [1,2], and control the strip cooling temperature to transform the remaining isolated islands of austenite to the desired second phase (martensite, bainite etc.). Several techniques could be employed to monitor the microstructure evolution directly on-line, these being primarily X-rays, electromagnetics and ultrasonics [3][4][5][6], among which, the multi-frequency electromagnetics approach has been intensively studied by authors due to its advantageous features, such as fast response, non-contact, unaffected by water and dust, and inexpensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Permeability and Ferrite/austenite Phase Fraction Using a Multi-frequency Electromagnetic Sensor

Yin

Hao

Peyton

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Instrumentation &Amp; Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007

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This paperpresents the measurement offerrite/austenite phasefraction using a multi-frequency electromagnetic sensor. A simple analytical model was established that can describe the response of the sensorfor samples containing varyingfractions of ferromagneticphase over a wide range offrequencies (100 Hz to I MHz). In particular, a new feature, the peak frequency of the imaginary part ofthe inductance, isfound to be able to distinguish between samples across the whole range oftheferrite percentages. FEM models were used to simulate representative real microstructures from the samples and to relate the relative permeability to the ferrite fraction. Experimental results suggest that the accuracy offerrite/austenite percentage measurement is within 8%.

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“…[2] A number of alternative on-line nonmagnetic methods have been proposed to directly measure microstructures, including X-ray diffraction, [3] X-ray attenuation to monitor density changes, [4] laser ultrasonics, [5] and, for off-line measurement, differential thermal analysis (DTA) [6] and dilatometry. Electromagnetic (EM) techniques also provide the opportunity for monitoring phase transformations by detecting changes in electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability within the steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and modeling of the electromagnetic response to phase transformation in steels

Papaelias

Strangwood

Davis

et al. 2004

Metall Mater Trans A

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An electromagnetic (EM) sensor, capable of detecting the formation of ferromagnetic ferrite from paramagnetic austenite below the Curie temperature, has been developed and assessed. In this article, results obtained using an a.c. EM sensor for a medium (0.45 wt pct)-carbon steel slow cooled through its transformation-temperature range are presented. It was found that the EM sensor can successfully detect the formation of ferrite below the Curie temperature, but that the transimpedance values can be significantly affected by the formation of a decarburized ferrite ring around the samples. It was also found that the transimpedance value is monotonically (nonlinearly) related to the ferrite volume fraction and depends on the morphology/distribution of the ferromagnetic phase and, hence, is influenced by the prior-austenite grain size. Results from finite-element (FE) simulations designed to enable prediction of the transimpedance from the microstructure are also presented, showing that two-dimensional (2-D) FE simulations can be successfully used to model the experimental trends observed. The combination of modeling and measurement has shown that EM sensors can be used to indirectly monitor the ferrite transformation (below the Curie temperature), thus providing a measure of ferrite volume fraction and also a means of identifying the ferrite distribution in the microstructure.

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Mesure de densité par absorption de rayonnements ionisants. Application à la caractérisation des aciers

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The Development of a Multifrequency Electromagnetic Instrument for Monitoring the Phase Transformation of Hot Strip Steel

The Development of a Multifrequency Electromagnetic Instrument for Monitoring the Phase Transformation of Hot Strip Steel

Measurement of Permeability and Ferrite/austenite Phase Fraction Using a Multi-frequency Electromagnetic Sensor

Measurement and modeling of the electromagnetic response to phase transformation in steels

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