Metabolic and Behavior Changes in Surubim Acutely Exposed to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide

Abstract

This study examined the effect of glyphosate-based herbicide (Roundup Original), the major herbicide used in soybean crops in Mato Grosso state, at concentrations of 0, 2.25, 4.5, 7.5, and 15 mg L(-1) on metabolic and behavior parameters of the hybrid fish surubim in an acute exposure lasting 96 h. Glycogen content, glucose, lactate, and protein levels were measured in different tissues. Plasma levels of cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were also determined. Ventilatory frequency (VF) and swimming activity (SA) were considered behavior parameters. Results showed that herbicide exposure decreased plasma glucose levels and increased it in surubim liver. Lactate increased in both plasma and liver but decreased in muscle. Protein levels decreased in plasma and muscle but increased in liver. After herbicide exposure, liver and muscle glycogen was decreased. Cholesterol levels decreased in plasma at all concentrations tested. Plasma ALT increased, and no alterations were recorded for AST levels. VF increased after glyphosate exposure (5 min) and decreased after 96 h. SA showed differences among all groups (5 min). At the end of 96 h, SA was altered by the 7.5 mg L(-1) concentration. Fish used anaerobic glycolysis as indicated by generally decreased glycogen levels and decreased lactate levels in muscle but increased ones in plasma and liver. We suggest that the studied parameters could be used as indicators of herbicide toxicity in surubim and may provide extremely important information for understanding the biology of the animal and its responsiveness to external stimuli (stressors).

Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Pesticides Affect Mobility and DNA Integrity of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…For the swimming behavior of rainbow trout larvae exposed to single pesticides, we observed that GLY (100 µg/L) induced hyperactivity of larvae, increasing their velocity and mobility under light stimulation [ 28 ]. Similar observations were obtained by [ 24 , 49 , 50 ] in different fish species. On the other hand, larvae exposed to CPF (3 µg/L) were significantly less mobile than non-exposed larvae [ 34 ].…”

“…Because of its extensive use, especially in genetically modified crops [ 16 ], high concentrations (ranging from 7.5 to 700 µg/L) have been found in different streams and lakes near agricultural basins [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Several reports have highlighted the sub-lethal effects of GLY on fish in particular on DNA integrity [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition [ 23 ], swimming behavior alterations [ 24 , 25 ], and antioxidant enzyme activities [ 26 , 27 ]. We reported that, following a 3-week embryo-larval exposure to glyphosate (0.1 and 1 mg/L), rainbow trout larvae exhibited reduced head size when compared to control larvae.…”

Efficacy of Plant Extract, Emblica Officinalis in Remediation of Malachite Green Induced Demeanor Alterations in Cyprinus Carpio.

“…Srivastava et al (1995) reported increased opercular movements in malachite green exposed Heteropneustes fossilis. As observed during (30 & 60 d) exposure, the decrease in opercular movement has also been noticed in other fishes on exposure to pesticides (Okechukwu et al, 2013;Sinhorin et al, 2014).…”

Gender‐specific histopathological response in guppies Poecilia reticulata exposed to glyphosate or its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid

“…Glyphosate [ N ‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (GLY) is a broad‐spectrum systemic herbicide with an increasing use in the recent years, particularly in the control of weeds in genetically modified crops (Sinhorin et al ., ,b). The commercial Roundup ® formulation contains GLY as an active ingredient (~41%) along with a non‐ionic surfactant polyethoxethyleneamine (~59%) and other components (Cox, ).…”

“…Several studies examined the ecotoxicity of GBH towards aquatic animals (Albinati et al ., ; Jiraungkoorskul et al ., ; Lushchak et al ., ; Rocha et al ., ; Sinhorin et al ., ,b), indicating fish as a target group for determining GLY or GBH ecotoxicity. The mode of action (MoA) of GBH in fish species has been associated to the production of the reactive oxygen species, to the changes in the antioxidant enzymes activities (e.g.…”