Metabolic Pathways of T-2 Toxin

Kuča, Kamil; Dohnal, Vlastimil; Ježková, Alena; Jun, Daniel

doi:10.2174/138920008783331176

Cited by 82 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Trichothecenes, such as 2-T toxin, HT-2 toxin, deoxinivalenol or nivalenol, are very large family of chemically related sesquiterpenic mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium , Myrothecium , Trichoderma , Trichothecium , Cephalosporium , Verticimonosporium and Stachybotrys [15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage as a Primary Source of Mycotoxins in Animal Diets

Skládanka

Nedĕlník

Adam

et al. 2010

IJERPH

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Abstract:The issue of moulds and, thus, contamination with mycotoxins is very topical, particularly in connexion with forages from grass stands used at the end of the growing season. Deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (FUM) and aflatoxins (AFL) are among the most common mycotoxins. The aim of the paper was to determine concentrations of mycotoxins in selected grasses (Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare, Festulolium braunii) and their mixtures with Festuca rubra an/or Poa pratensis during the growing season as a marker of grass safety, which was assessed according to content of the aforementioned mycotoxins. During the growing season grass forage was contaminated with mycotoxins, most of all by DON and ZEA. The contents of AFL and FUM were zero or below the limit of quantification. Moreover, the level of the occurrence of mould was quantified as ergosterol content, which was higher at the specific date of cut. All results were statistically processed and significant changes were discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage as a Primary Source of Mycotoxins in Animal Diets

Skládanka

Nedĕlník

Adam

et al. 2010

IJERPH

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“…Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are ranked among the most frequently encountered mycotoxins [13]. Trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol or nivalenol, are a very large family of chemically related sesquiterpenic mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium [14]. The aim of this work is (I) to compare the microbial counts and levels of BA and mycotoxins in alfalfa and red clover fodder, (II) to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and the levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silages, and (III) to assess the effect of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silages of alfalfa and red clover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives

Skládanka

Adam

Zítka

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, levels of biogenic amines, and the mycotoxins in forage legumes, and also to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silage and the influence of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silage. The experimental plot was located in Troubsko and Vatín, in the Czech Republic. Two varieties of Medicago sativa and one variety of Trifolium pratense were compared. Green fodder and subsequently produced silage reaching up to 23% of dry matter were evaluated and prepared using a bio-enzymatic additive and a chemical additive. Green fodder of Medicago sativa was more contaminated by Enterococci than Trifolium pratense fodder. The obvious difference was determined by the quality of silage leachate. The silage prepared from Medicago sativa fodder was more contaminated with butyric acid. Fungi were present in higher counts in the anaerobic environment of green fodder and contaminated it with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Lower counts of fungi were found in silage, although the zearalenone content did not change. Lower content of deoxynivalenol was detected in silage, compared with green fodder. Silages treated with a chemical additive were found not to contain butyric acid. Lower ethanol content was determined, and the tendency to reduce the risk of biogenic amines occurrence was evident. The additives proved to have no influence on the content of mycotoxins.

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“…Most of the terpenes produced by fungi have various biological functions. Terpene include commercially fascinating compounds due to their properties, such as paxilline an indole diterpene, gibberelic acid, a pentacyclic diterpene plant growth hormone and trichothecenes a sesquiterpene mycotoxin [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ISOLATION OF TWO BOTRYANES FROM Hypoxylon rickii AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENCODING GENES

Alwi

Rosandy

Bakar³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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10-oxodehydrobotrydial (1) and 4β-Acetoxy-9β,10β,15α-trihydroxyprobotrydial (2) have been isolated from Hypoxylon rickii mycelia extract. Compound 2 is probably an intermediate of botrydial, which is a known sesquiterpene phytotoxin. Cluster Omega and Artemis software analysis suggested that HRT6, a possible botrydial-like gene cluster with four genes shows more than 50% similarities compared to Botrytis cinerea botrydial gene cluster, BcBOT. A comparison between proposed 4β-Acetoxy-9β,10β,15α-trihydroxyprobotrydial (2) producing pathway and BcBOT proposed pathway shows compatible function of each gene prediction. Further confirmation using RNA gene knock-outs is on-going. Keywords:Hypoxylon rickii, botryane, terpene synthase Abstrak 10-oksodehidrobotridial (1) dan 4β-Asetoksi-9β,10β,15α-trihidroksiprobotridial (2) telah dipencilkan dari ekstrak miselia Hypoxylon rickii. Sebatian 2 dijangkakan sebagai sebatian perantara dalam pembentukkan botridial iaitu sejenis fitotoksin sesquiterpena. Penggunaan dua perisian Cluster Omega dan Artemis telah berjaya mengenalpasti gen kelompok yang berkemungkinan dari H. rickii sebagai HRT6 dengan empat gen menunjukkan persamaan lebih daripada 50% berbanding gen kelompok Botrytis cinerea, BcBOT. Perbandingan antara dengan cadangan laluan biosintesis 4β-Asetoksi-9β,10β,15α-trihidroksiprobotridial (2) dengan BcBOT menunjukkan persamaan fungsi -fungsi gen. Pengesahan lanjut menggunakan RNA (mendiamkan gen) sedang dijalankan.

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Metabolic Pathways of T-2 Toxin

Cited by 82 publications

References 11 publications

Forage as a Primary Source of Mycotoxins in Animal Diets

Forage as a Primary Source of Mycotoxins in Animal Diets

Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives

ISOLATION OF TWO BOTRYANES FROM Hypoxylon rickii AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE ENCODING GENES

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