Metabolic rate and body size relationships in adult and growing homeotherms

Poczopko, P

doi:10.4098/at.arch.79-16

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There was a general decline in mass-corrected metabolism with age, as predicted by Poczopko (1979) and previously reported for harbour seals by Ashwell-Erickson and Elsner (1981). Within this larger trend, seasonal variation in RMR was evident in all seals.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

Rosen¹,

Renouf²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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This study tested the hypothesis that seasonal variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR) was more closely related to changes in total energy use than to energy intake. It also quantified the extent to which variation in metabolism contributed to changes in total energy expenditure. RMR, gross energy intake, and body mass and composition were measured in six captive Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) over 16 months. Gross energy intake during the year (across all seals) averaged 25.4 ± 4.1 MJ/d (mean ± SD). The energy used by the seals (E used ; a composite measure of energy expenditure from ingested energy and tissue catabolism) averaged 19.2 ± 3.4 MJ/d. RMR averaged 11.2 ± 1.5 MJ/d during the year, while mass-corrected metabolism declined with age. The seals displayed significant changes in both absolute and mass-corrected metabolism during the year. Overall, E used was a stronger predictor of changes in metabolism than either gross energy intake or body mass. Mass-corrected metabolic rate was more closely related to E used than was absolute metabolism. Energy changes in metabolism during the year (range = 6.9 ± 1.9 MJ/d) were minor compared with those in E used (27.8 ± 7.3 MJ/d). These results suggest that seasonal changes in metabolism were a response to, or facilitated by, concurrent changes in E used but were not the cause of variation in E used . Rather, variation in both RMR and E used was the result of changes in other bioenergetic components of the seals' energy budget, such as activity.Résumé : Nous avons éprouvé l'hypothèse selon laquelle la variation saisonnière du métabolisme au repos (RMR) est plus étroitement reliée aux changements dans l'utilisation de l'énergie totale que dans l'absorption de l'énergie. Nous avons également quantifié l'influence de la variation du métabolisme sur les fluctuations de la dépense énergétique totale. RMR, l'absorption brute d'énergie, la masse totale et la composition corporelle ont été mesurés chez six Phoques communs (Phoca vitulina concolor) en captivité pendant une période de 16 mois. L'absorption brute d'énergie au cours de l'année (calculée chez tous les phoques) a été évaluée à 25,4 ± 4,1 MJ/jour (moyenne ± erreur type). L'énergie utilisée par les phoques (E utilisée ; une mesure combinant la dépense énergétique tirée de l'énergie ingérée et le catabolisme tissulaire) a été estimée à 19,2 ± 3,4 MJ/jour. RMR était de 11,2 ± 1,5 MJ/jour au cours d'une année, mais le métabolisme corrigé en fonction de la masse diminuait avec l'âge. Les phoques ont subi des changements significatifs de leur métabolisme absolu et de leur métabolisme corrigé pour tenir compte de leur masse au cours de l'année. Dans l'ensemble, la valeur E utilisée constituait un meilleur indice des changements métaboliques que l'absorption brute d'énergie ou que la masse totale. Le taux de métabolisme corrigé pour tenir compte de la masse était plus étroitement relié à la variable E utilisée que le métabolisme absolu. Les variations énergétiques du métabolisme au cours d'une année (éte...

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supporting

confidence: 54%

Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

Rosen¹,

Renouf²

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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“…mammals when juveniles, as well as adults, have been included in the analysis (e.g. Brody, 1945 ;Bertalanffy, 1957 ;Poczopko, 1979 ;Weathers & Siegel, 1995 ;Brück & Hinckel, 1996 ;Dietz & Drent, 1997 ;Székely, Pétervári & Andrews, 2001).…”

Section: ( B ) Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the ‘3/4‐power law’: variation in the intra‐and interspecific scaling of metabolic rate in animals

Glazier¹

2005

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In this review I show that the '3/4-power scaling law' of metabolic rate is not universal, either within or among animal species. Significant variation in the scaling of metabolic rate with body mass is described mainly for animals, but also for unicells and plants. Much of this variation, which can be related to taxonomic, physiological, and/or environmental differences, is not adequately explained by existing theoretical models, which are also reviewed. As a result, synthetic explanatory schemes based on multiple boundary constraints and on the scaling of multiple energy-using processes are advocated. It is also stressed that a complete understanding of metabolic scaling will require the identification of both proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causes. Four major types of intraspecific metabolic scaling with body mass are recognized [based on the power function R=aMb, where R is respiration (metabolic) rate, a is a constant, M is body mass, and b is the scaling exponent]: Type I: linear, negatively allometric (b<1); Type II: linear, isometric (b=1); Type III: nonlinear, ontogenetic shift from isometric (b=1), or nearly isometric, to negatively allometric (b<1); and Type IV: nonlinear, ontogenetic shift from positively allometric (b>1) to one or two later phases of negative allometry (b<1). Ontogenetic changes in the metabolic intensity of four component processes (i.e. growth, reproduction, locomotion, and heat production) appear to be important in these different patterns of metabolic scaling. These changes may, in turn, be shaped by age (size)-specific patterns of mortality. In addition, major differences in interspecific metabolic scaling are described, especially with respect to mode of temperature regulation, body-size range, and activity level. A 'metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis' focusing on two major constraints (surface-area limits on resource/waste exchange processes and mass/volume limits on power production) can explain much, but not all of this variation. My analysis indicates that further empirical and theoretical work is needed to understand fully the physiological and ecological bases for the considerable variation in metabolic scaling that is observed both within and among species. Recommended approaches for doing this are discussed. I conclude that the scaling of metabolism is not the simple result of a physical law, but rather appears to be the more complex result of diverse adaptations evolved in the context of both physico-chemical and ecological constraints.

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“…The total maternal energetic expenditure toward respiration by her infants is a function of duration of lactation combined with the infants' rate of metabolism (low prior to onset of endogenous thermoregulation but very high thereafter; see Poczopko, 1979;McClure & Randolph, 1980;McNab, 1983a). Infant respiration comprises a significant fraction of maternal energy allocated to reproduction (Randolph et al, 1977;McClure & Randolph, 1980;Thompson & Nicoll, 1986).…”

Section: Energetics Of Mammalian Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of eutherian mammals

Lillegraven

Thompson

McNab

et al. 1987

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

114

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Palaeontologically recognizable eutherians originated no later than the Early Cretaceous in warm, probably moderately seasonal climates. Immediate ancestors were small, sharing many anatomical, physiological and reproductive features with small modern marsupials. Development of characteristically eutherian features involved interactions of body size, rates of metabolism, energetic costs of reproduction, anatomical/physiological processes of development and effects of each upon rates of population growth. In contrast to eutherians, marsupials have a narrow range of basal metabolic rates (lacking high rates), and show no direct links between rate of energy expenditure and gestation period, postnatal growth rate, fecundity or reproductive potential. Biological implications of this contrast are most pronounced at small body sizes. When resources are abundant, the relatively higher growth rates and earlier maturation of small eutherians (particularly those with high rates of metabolism) can lead to rapid population growth; among most marsupials, however, both pre-and postnatal constraints apparently preclude attainment of such high rates of reproduction. Also, only eutherians among the amniotes combine intimacy of placentation with prolonged active intra-uterine morphogenesis. Once established, that 28 1 002&4066/87/110281+56 $03.00/0 0 1987 The Linnean Society of Lond 282 J. A. LILLEGRAlJEN E l AL.(,ombination permitted (and even favoured) increases in diversity of adaptation in such disparate asperts as elevated metabolic rate, increased pre-and postnatal growth rates, increased cnccphalization, greater longevity, increased gregariousness, greater karyotypic flexibility, and augmented variability in adult morphology. However, all such boosts in diversity were probably secondary and dependent upon prior innovation of trophoblastic/uterine wall immunological protection of foetal tissues during prolonged intra-uterine development. Increased metabolic rates followrd thrreafter, with synergisms that may have speeded evolution among early eutherians. Eutherian-style trophoblast probably originated in the Mesozoic. Dependent adaptations, variably expressed, evolved later in sundry descendant lineages. Reproductivc differences between marsupials and eutherians are not biologically trivial; to the contrary, breakthroughs among eutherians assured their dominance: (1) in high intensity food habits; (2) at small body masses: and (3) in very cold climates.

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Metabolic rate and body size relationships in adult and growing homeotherms

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

Correlates of seasonal changes in metabolism in Atlantic harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor)

Beyond the ‘3/4‐power law’: variation in the intra‐and interspecific scaling of metabolic rate in animals

The origin of eutherian mammals

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